最經面試中,技術面試中有一個是Handler的訊息機制,細細想想,我經常用到的Handler無非是在主線程(或者說Activity)建立一個Handler對象,另外一個Thread是非同步載入資料,同時當他載入完資料後就send到主線程中的那個Handler對象,接著Handler來處理,剛才發送的一些訊息。 複製代碼 1 public class HandlerTestActivity extends Activity { 2 private TextView tv; 3 private static final int UPDATE = 0; 4 private Handler handler = new Handler() { 5 6 @Override 7 public void handleMessage(Message msg) { 8 // TODO 接收訊息並且去更新UI線程上的控制項內容 9 if (msg.what == UPDATE) {10 // Bundle b = msg.getData();11 // tv.setText(b.getString("num"));12 tv.setText(String.valueOf(msg.obj));13 }14 super.handleMessage(msg);15 }16 };17 18 /** Called when the activity is first created. */19 @Override20 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {21 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);22 setContentView(R.layout.main);23 tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);24 25 new Thread() {26 @Override27 public void run() {28 // TODO 子線程中通過handler發送訊息給handler接收,由handler去更新TextView的值29 try {30 for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {31 Thread.sleep(500);32 Message msg = new Message();33 msg.what = UPDATE;34 // Bundle b = new Bundle();35 // b.putString("num", "更新後的值:" + i);36 // msg.setData(b);37 msg.obj = "更新後的值:" + i;38 handler.sendMessage(msg);39 }40 } catch (InterruptedException e) {41 e.printStackTrace();42 }43 }44 }.start();45 }46 47 }複製代碼 ,每個Thread都一個Looper,這個Looper類是用於管理其中的訊息佇列(MessageQueue)的,那Handler是幹嘛的呢,他是用來傳遞訊息佇列的。 那下面就分析Looper、Hanlder方法吧。 Looper方法是用來處理訊息佇列的,注意了,它和線程是綁定的。 要是想在子線程中擷取一個Looper該怎麼做呢: Looper.prepare(); Looper looper = Looper.myLooper();那麼這些都幹了哪些工作呢??? 來看下它的源碼吧: Looper: 複製代碼……//準備Looper相關事宜 public static void prepare() { //只能有一個對象哦 if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper()); } //建構函式 /*建立一個訊息佇列 * 把當前啟動並執行線程作為運行線程 */ private Looper() { mQueue = new MessageQueue(); mRun = true; mThread = Thread.currentThread(); } public static final Looper myLooper() { //這個方法是從當前線程的ThreadLocal中拿出設定的looper return (Looper)sThreadLocal.get(); } /** * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call * {@link #quit()} to end the loop. */ public static void loop() { Looper me = myLooper(); if (me == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); } MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); while (true) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block if (msg != null) { if (msg.target == null) { // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message. return; } long wallStart = 0; long threadStart = 0; // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); wallStart = SystemClock.currentTimeMicro(); threadStart = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMicro(); } msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); if (logging != null) { long wallTime = SystemClock.currentTimeMicro() - wallStart; long threadTime = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMicro() - threadStart; logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); if (logging instanceof Profiler) { ((Profiler) logging).profile(msg, wallStart, wallTime, threadStart, threadTime); } } // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } msg.recycle(); } } }複製代碼下面就來看下Handler: 複製代碼public Handler() { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } //先獲得一個Looper對象,這個要是在子線程裡,是需要先prepare()的 mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = null; } /** * Returns a new {@link android.os.Message Message} from the global message pool. More efficient than * creating and allocating new instances. The retrieved message has its handler set to this instance (Message.target == this). * If you don't want that facility, just call Message.obtain() instead. 會從訊息池裡面取得訊息佇列 */ public final Message obtainMessage() { return Message.obtain(this); }複製代碼那我現在寫個小例子,是在子線程實現的訊息的傳遞。 複製代碼@Override public void onClick(View v) { int id = v.getId(); if (id == R.id.btn1) { new Thread() { public void run() { Log.i("log", "run"); Looper.prepare(); // Looper looper = Looper.myLooper(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "toast", 1).show(); Handler h = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.handleMessage(msg); if (msg != null) { String strMsg = (String) msg.obj; System.out.println(strMsg); } } }; //擷取到Handler對象的訊息 Message msg = h.obtainMessage(); msg.obj = "add"; msg.sendToTarget(); Looper.loop();// 進入loop中的迴圈,查看訊息佇列 }; }.start(); } }複製代碼不知你是否理解,這個小Demo中,我們需要注意: 1 子線程也是可以有Handler的,其實Handler只是從當前的線程中擷取到Looper來監聽和操作MessageQueue的。 2 子線程需要先prepare()才能擷取到Looper的,是因為在子線程只是一個普通的線程,其ThreadLoacl中沒有設定過Looper,所以會拋出異常,而在Looper的prepare()方法中sThreadLocal.set(new Looper())是設定了Looper的。