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前言 這篇文章主要是介紹一下Android Intent,並且從Android源碼的角度對Intent查詢匹配過程進行分析。
Intent介紹 Intent的中文是“意圖”的意思,而意圖是一個非常抽象的概念,那麼在Android的編碼設計中,如何執行個體化意圖呢?因此Android系統明確指定一個Intent可由兩方面屬性來衡量。
- 主要屬性:包括Action和Data。其中Action用於表示該Intent所表達的動作意圖,Data用於表示該Action所操作的資料。
- 次要屬性:包括Category、Type、Component和Extras。其中Category表示類別,Type表示資料的MIME類型,Component可用於指定特定的Intent的響應者(例如指定intent為某個包下的某個class類),Extras用於承載其他的資訊。
Android系統中主要有兩種類型的Intent,顯示Intent(Explicit Intent)和隱式Intent(Implicit Intent)。
- Explicit Intent:這類Intent明確指明了要找哪個Component。在代碼中可以通過setClassName或者setComponent來鎖定目標對象。
- Implicit Intent:這類Intent不明確指明要啟動哪個Component,而是設定Action、Data、Category讓系統來篩選出合適的Component。
接下來,寫兩個程式碼範例,來介紹一下Explicit Intent和Implict Inent。首先是Explicit Intent:
private void startExplicitIntentWithComponent() {Intent intent = new Intent();ComponentName component = new ComponentName("com.example.photocrop", "com.example.photocrop.MainActivity");intent.setComponent(component);startActivity(intent);}private void startExplicitIntentWithClassName() {Intent intent = new Intent();intent.setClassName("com.example.photocrop", "com.example.photocrop.MainActivity");startActivity(intent);} 但是,從源碼裡面去看,發現setClassName也是藉助了ComponentName實現了Explicit Intent。源碼如下:
public Intent setClassName(String packageName, String className) { mComponent = new ComponentName(packageName, className); return this; } 然後,在給出一個Implict Intent的程式碼範例。我這裡用一個Activity標註一些Intent Filter為例,然後在寫一個Intent用於啟動它。
<activity android:name=".SendIntentType"> <intent-filter > <action android:name="justtest"/> <category android:name="justcategory"/> </intent-filter> </activity>
在當前應用的AndroidManifest.xml中,給SendIntentType類增加了intent-filter,action的名字為“justtest”,category的名字為“justcategory”。啟動該Activity的代碼如下:
private void startImplictIntent() {Intent intent = new Intent();intent.setAction("justaction");intent.addCategory("justcategory");startActivity(intent);} 系統在匹配Implict Intent的過程中,將以Intent Filter列出的3項內容為參考標準,具體步驟如下:
- 首先匹配IntentFilter的Action,如果Intent設定的action不滿足IntentFilter的Action,則匹配失敗。如果IntentFilter未設定Action或者設定的Action相同,則匹配成功。
- 然後檢查IntentFilter的Category,匹配方法同Action的匹配相同,唯一例外的是當Category為CATEGORY_DEFAULT的情況。
- 最後檢查Data。
Activityi資訊的管理 從上面的分析可以看出,系統的匹配Intent的過程中,首先需要管理當前系統中所有Activity資訊。Activity的資訊是PackageManagerService在掃描APK的時候進行收集和管理的。相關源碼如下:
// 處理該package的activity資訊N = pkg.activities.size();r = null;for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {PackageParser.Activity a = pkg.activities.get(i);a.info.processName = fixProcessName(pkg.applicationInfo.processName, a.info.processName,pkg.applicationInfo.uid);mActivities.addActivity(a, "activity");} 上面代碼中,有兩個比較重要的資料結構,如所示。 結合代碼和的資料結構,可知:
- mAcitivitys為ActivityIntentResolver類型,是PKMS的成員變數,用於儲存系統中所有與Activity相關的資訊。此資料結構內部也有一個mActivities變數,它以ComponentName為key,儲存PackageParser.Activity對象。
- 從APK中解析得到的所有和Acitivity相關的資訊(包括XML中聲明的IntentFilter標籤)都由PackageParser.Activity來儲存。
前面代碼中調用addActivity函數完成了私人資訊的公有化。addActivity函數的代碼如下:
public final void addActivity(PackageParser.Activity a, String type) {final boolean systemApp = isSystemApp(a.info.applicationInfo);mActivities.put(a.getComponentName(), a);final int NI = a.intents.size();for (int j = 0; j < NI; j++) {PackageParser.ActivityIntentInfo intent = a.intents.get(j);if (!systemApp && intent.getPriority() > 0 && "activity".equals(type)) {// 非系統APK的priority必須為0intent.setPriority(0);}addFilter(intent);}} 接下來看一下addFilter函數。函數源碼如下:
public void addFilter(F f) { // mFilters儲存所有IntentFilter資訊 mFilters.add(f); int numS = register_intent_filter(f, f.schemesIterator(), mSchemeToFilter, " Scheme: "); int numT = register_mime_types(f, " Type: "); if (numS == 0 && numT == 0) { register_intent_filter(f, f.actionsIterator(), mActionToFilter, " Action: "); } if (numT != 0) { register_intent_filter(f, f.actionsIterator(), mTypedActionToFilter, " TypedAction: "); } } 這裡又出現了幾種資料結構,它們的類似都是ArrayMap<String, F[ ]>,其中F為模板參數。
- mSchemeToFilter:用於儲存uri中與scheme相關的IntentFilter資訊。
- mActionToFilter:用於儲存僅設定Action條件的IntentFilter資訊。
- mTypedActionToFilter:用於儲存既設定了Action又設定了Data的MIME類型的IntentFilter資訊。
瞭解了大概的資料結構之後,我們來看一下register_intent_filter的函數實現:
private final int register_intent_filter(F filter, Iterator<String> i, ArrayMap<String, F[]> dest, String prefix) { if (i == null) { return 0; } int num = 0; while (i.hasNext()) { String name = i.next(); num++; addFilter(dest, name, filter); } return num; } 然後又是一個addFilter函數,明顯是一個函數重載,我們來看一下這個addFilter的實現:
private final void addFilter(ArrayMap<String, F[]> map, String name, F filter) { F[] array = map.get(name); if (array == null) { array = newArray(2); map.put(name, array); array[0] = filter; } else { final int N = array.length; int i = N; while (i > 0 && array[i-1] == null) { i--; } if (i < N) { array[i] = filter; } else { F[] newa = newArray((N*3)/2); System.arraycopy(array, 0, newa, 0, N); newa[N] = filter; map.put(name, newa); } } } 其實代碼還是很簡單的,如果F數組存在,則判斷容量,不夠則擴容,夠的話就找到位置插入。如果F數組不存在,則建立一個容量為2的數組,將0號元素賦值為該filter。
Intent匹配查詢分析 用戶端通過ApplicationPackageManager輸出的queryIntentActivities函數向PackageManagerService發起一次查詢請求,代碼如下:
@Override public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivities(Intent intent, int flags) { return queryIntentActivitiesAsUser(intent, flags, mContext.getUserId()); } /** @hide Same as above but for a specific user */ @Override public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivitiesAsUser(Intent intent, int flags, int userId) { try { return mPM.queryIntentActivities( intent, intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(mContext.getContentResolver()), flags, userId); } catch (RemoteException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Package manager has died", e); } } 可以看到,queryIntentActivities的真正實現是在PackageManagerService.java中,函數代碼如下:
public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivities(Intent intent, String resolvedType, int flags, int userId) {if (!sUserManager.exists(userId))return Collections.emptyList();enforceCrossUserPermission(Binder.getCallingUid(), userId, false, "query intent activities");ComponentName comp = intent.getComponent();if (comp == null) {if (intent.getSelector() != null) {intent = intent.getSelector();comp = intent.getComponent();}}if (comp != null) {// Explicit的Intent,直接根據component得到對應的ActivityInfofinal List<ResolveInfo> list = new ArrayList<ResolveInfo>(1);final ActivityInfo ai = getActivityInfo(comp, flags, userId);if (ai != null) {final ResolveInfo ri = new ResolveInfo();ri.activityInfo = ai;list.add(ri);}return list;}// readersynchronized (mPackages) {final String pkgName = intent.getPackage();if (pkgName == null) {// Implicit Intentreturn mActivities.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, flags, userId);}final PackageParser.Package pkg = mPackages.get(pkgName);if (pkg != null) {// 指定了包名的Intentreturn mActivities.queryIntentForPackage(intent, resolvedType, flags, pkg.activities, userId);}return new ArrayList<ResolveInfo>();}} 可以看到,Explicit Intent的實現較為簡單,我們重點來看一下Implict Intent實現。Implicit Intent調用了queryIntent方法,我們來看一下queryIntent的實現代碼:
public List<ResolveInfo> queryIntent(Intent intent, String resolvedType, int flags, int userId) {if (!sUserManager.exists(userId))return null;mFlags = flags;return super.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, (flags & PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY) != 0, userId);} 繼續跟蹤到IntentResolver.java的queryIntent方法,源碼如下:
public List<R> queryIntent(Intent intent, String resolvedType, boolean defaultOnly, int userId) { String scheme = intent.getScheme(); ArrayList<R> finalList = new ArrayList<R>(); // 最多有4輪匹配操作 F[] firstTypeCut = null; F[] secondTypeCut = null; F[] thirdTypeCut = null; F[] schemeCut = null; // If the intent includes a MIME type, then we want to collect all of // the filters that match that MIME type. if (resolvedType != null) { int slashpos = resolvedType.indexOf('/'); if (slashpos > 0) { final String baseType = resolvedType.substring(0, slashpos); if (!baseType.equals("*")) { if (resolvedType.length() != slashpos+2 || resolvedType.charAt(slashpos+1) != '*') { // Not a wild card, so we can just look for all filters that // completely match or wildcards whose base type matches. firstTypeCut = mTypeToFilter.get(resolvedType); secondTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get(baseType); } else { // We can match anything with our base type. firstTypeCut = mBaseTypeToFilter.get(baseType); secondTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get(baseType); } // Any */* types always apply, but we only need to do this // if the intent type was not already */*. thirdTypeCut = mWildTypeToFilter.get("*"); } else if (intent.getAction() != null) { // The intent specified any type ({@literal *}/*). This // can be a whole heck of a lot of things, so as a first // cut let's use the action instead. firstTypeCut = mTypedActionToFilter.get(intent.getAction()); } } } // If the intent includes a data URI, then we want to collect all of // the filters that match its scheme (we will further refine matches // on the authority and path by directly matching each resulting filter). if (scheme != null) { schemeCut = mSchemeToFilter.get(scheme); } // If the intent does not specify any data -- either a MIME type or // a URI -- then we will only be looking for matches against empty // data. if (resolvedType == null && scheme == null && intent.getAction() != null) { firstTypeCut = mActionToFilter.get(intent.getAction()); } FastImmutableArraySet<String> categories = getFastIntentCategories(intent); if (firstTypeCut != null) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, firstTypeCut, finalList, userId); } if (secondTypeCut != null) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, secondTypeCut, finalList, userId); } if (thirdTypeCut != null) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, thirdTypeCut, finalList, userId); } if (schemeCut != null) { buildResolveList(intent, categories, debug, defaultOnly, resolvedType, scheme, schemeCut, finalList, userId); } sortResults(finalList); return finalList; } 具體的查詢匹配過程是由buildResolveList函數完成了。查詢的匹配實現我就不貼代碼了,大家自己去查詢看就好了。
參考文獻[1] 深入理解Android:卷二
Android Intent 源碼學習