Android即時直播,一千行java搞定不依賴jni,延遲0.8至3秒,強悍移動端來襲

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項目首頁:https://github.com/ossrs/srs-sea

SRS伺服器項目:https://github.com/ossrs/srs

一個支援RTMP推流的版本:https://github.com/begeekmyfriend/yasea

在Android高版本中,特別是4.1引入了MediaCodec可以對網路攝影機的映像進行硬體編碼,實現直播。

一般Android推流到伺服器,使用ffmpeg居多,也就是軟編碼,實際上使用Android的硬體編碼會有更好的體驗。

看了下網上的文章也不少,但是都缺乏一個整體跑通的方案,特別是如何推送的伺服器。本文把Android推直播流的過程梳理一遍。

AndroidPublisher提出了Android直播的新思路,主要配合SRS伺服器完成,優勢如下:

使用系統的類,不引入jni和c的庫,簡單可靠,一千行左右java代碼就可以完成。 硬體編碼而非軟體編碼,系統負載低,800kbps編碼cpu使用率13%左右。 低延遲和RTMP一樣,0.8秒到3秒,使用的協議是HTTP FLV流,原理和RTMP一樣。 安裝包小無複雜依賴,編譯出來的apk都只有1405KB左右。 方便整合,只需要引入一個SrsHttpFlv類,進行轉封裝和打包發送,可以用在任何app中。

Android直播有幾個大的環節:

開啟Camera,進行Preview擷取YUV映像資料,也就是未壓縮的映像。
設定picture和preview大小後,計算YUV的buffer的尺寸,不能簡單乘以1.5而應該按照文檔計算。
擷取YUV的同時,還可以進行預覽,只要綁定到SurfaceHolder就可以。 使用MediaCodec和MediaFormat對YUV進行編碼,其中MediaCodec是編碼,MediaFormat是打包成annexb封裝。
設定MediaCodec的colorFormat需要判斷是否MediaCodec支援,也就是從MediaCodec擷取colorFormat。 將YUV映像,送入MediaCodec的inputBuffer,並擷取outputBuffer中已經編碼的資料,格式是annexb。
其中queueInputBuffer時,需要指定pts,否則沒有編碼資料輸出,會被丟棄。 將編碼的annexb資料,發送到伺服器。
一般使用rtmp(librtmp/srslibrtmp/ffmpeg),因為流媒體伺服器的輸入一般是rtmp。
若伺服器支援http-flv流POST,那麼可以直接發送給伺服器。 秀一個運行起來的圖:

下面是各個重要環節的分解。 YUV映像 第一個環節,開啟Camera並預覽:

                camera = Camera.open();                Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();                parameters.setFlashMode(Camera.Parameters.FLASH_MODE_OFF);                parameters.setWhiteBalance(Camera.Parameters.WHITE_BALANCE_AUTO);                parameters.setSceneMode(Camera.Parameters.SCENE_MODE_AUTO);                parameters.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO);                parameters.setPreviewFormat(ImageFormat.YV12);                Camera.Size size = null;                List<Camera.Size> sizes = parameters.getSupportedPictureSizes();                for (int i = 0; i < sizes.size(); i++) {                    //Log.i(TAG, String.format("camera supported picture size %dx%d", sizes.get(i).width, sizes.get(i).height));                    if (sizes.get(i).width == 640) {                        size = sizes.get(i);                    }                }                parameters.setPictureSize(size.width, size.height);                Log.i(TAG, String.format("set the picture size in %dx%d", size.width, size.height));                sizes = parameters.getSupportedPreviewSizes();                for (int i = 0; i < sizes.size(); i++) {                    //Log.i(TAG, String.format("camera supported preview size %dx%d", sizes.get(i).width, sizes.get(i).height));                    if (sizes.get(i).width == 640) {                        vsize = size = sizes.get(i);                    }                }                parameters.setPreviewSize(size.width, size.height);                Log.i(TAG, String.format("set the preview size in %dx%d", size.width, size.height));                camera.setParameters(parameters);                // set the callback and start the preview.                buffer = new byte[getYuvBuffer(size.width, size.height)];                camera.addCallbackBuffer(buffer);                camera.setPreviewCallbackWithBuffer(onYuvFrame);                try {                    camera.setPreviewDisplay(preview.getHolder());                } catch (IOException e) {                    Log.e(TAG, "preview video failed.");                    e.printStackTrace();                    return;                }                Log.i(TAG, String.format("start to preview video in %dx%d, buffer %dB", size.width, size.height, buffer.length));                camera.startPreview();

計算YUV的buffer的函數,需要根據文檔計算,而不是簡單“*3/2”:
    // for the buffer for YV12(android YUV), @see below:    // https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/Camera.Parameters.html#setPreviewFormat(int)    // https://developer.android.com/reference/android/graphics/ImageFormat.html#YV12    private int getYuvBuffer(int width, int height) {        // stride = ALIGN(width, 16)        int stride = (int)Math.ceil(width / 16.0) * 16;        // y_size = stride * height        int y_size = stride * height;        // c_stride = ALIGN(stride/2, 16)        int c_stride = (int)Math.ceil(width / 32.0) * 16;        // c_size = c_stride * height/2        int c_size = c_stride * height / 2;        // size = y_size + c_size * 2        return y_size + c_size * 2;    }

映像編碼 第二個環節,設定編碼器參數,並啟動:
                // encoder yuv to 264 es stream.                // requires sdk level 16+, Android 4.1, 4.1.1, the JELLY_BEAN                try {                    encoder = MediaCodec.createEncoderByType(VCODEC);                } catch (IOException e) {                    Log.e(TAG, "create encoder failed.");                    e.printStackTrace();                    return;                }                ebi = new MediaCodec.BufferInfo();                presentationTimeUs = new Date().getTime() * 1000;                // start the encoder.                // @see https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaCodec.html                MediaFormat format = MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(MediaFormat.MIMETYPE_VIDEO_AVC, vsize.width, vsize.height);                format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE, 125000);                format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE, 15);                format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_COLOR_FORMAT, chooseColorFormat());                format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL, 5);                encoder.configure(format, null, null, MediaCodec.CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE);                encoder.start();                Log.i(TAG, "encoder start");

其中,colorFormat需要從編碼器支援的格式中選取,否則會有不支援的錯誤:
    // choose the right supported color format. @see below:    // https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaCodecInfo.html    // https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaCodecInfo.CodecCapabilities.html    private int chooseColorFormat() {        MediaCodecInfo ci = null;        int nbCodecs = MediaCodecList.getCodecCount();        for (int i = 0; i < nbCodecs; i++) {            MediaCodecInfo mci = MediaCodecList.getCodecInfoAt(i);            if (!mci.isEncoder()) {                continue;            }            String[] types = mci.getSupportedTypes();            for (int j = 0; j < types.length; j++) {                if (types[j].equalsIgnoreCase(VCODEC)) {                    //Log.i(TAG, String.format("encoder %s types: %s", mci.getName(), types[j]));                    ci = mci;                    break;                }            }        }        int matchedColorFormat = 0;        MediaCodecInfo.CodecCapabilities cc = ci.getCapabilitiesForType(VCODEC);        for (int i = 0; i < cc.colorFormats.length; i++) {            int cf = cc.colorFormats[i];            //Log.i(TAG, String.format("encoder %s supports color fomart %d", ci.getName(), cf));            // choose YUV for h.264, prefer the bigger one.            if (cf >= cc.COLOR_FormatYUV411Planar && cf <= cc.COLOR_FormatYUV422SemiPlanar) {                if (cf > matchedColorFormat) {                    matchedColorFormat = cf;                }            }        }        Log.i(TAG, String.format("encoder %s choose color format %d", ci.getName(), matchedColorFormat));        return matchedColorFormat;    }

第三個環節,在YUV映像回調中,送給編碼器,並擷取輸出:
        // when got YUV frame from camera.        // @see https://developer.android.com/reference/android/media/MediaCodec.html        final Camera.PreviewCallback onYuvFrame = new Camera.PreviewCallback() {            @Override            public void onPreviewFrame(byte[] data, Camera camera) {                //Log.i(TAG, String.format("got YUV image, size=%d", data.length));                // feed the encoder with yuv frame, got the encoded 264 es stream.                ByteBuffer[] inBuffers = encoder.getInputBuffers();                ByteBuffer[] outBuffers = encoder.getOutputBuffers();                if (true) {                    int inBufferIndex = encoder.dequeueInputBuffer(-1);                    //Log.i(TAG, String.format("try to dequeue input buffer, ii=%d", inBufferIndex));                    if (inBufferIndex >= 0) {                        ByteBuffer bb = inBuffers[inBufferIndex];                        bb.clear();                        bb.put(data, 0, data.length);                        long pts = new Date().getTime() * 1000 - presentationTimeUs;                        //Log.i(TAG, String.format("feed YUV to encode %dB, pts=%d", data.length, pts / 1000));                        encoder.queueInputBuffer(inBufferIndex, 0, data.length, pts, 0);                    }                    for (;;) {                        int outBufferIndex = encoder.dequeueOutputBuffer(ebi, 0);                        //Log.i(TAG, String.format("try to dequeue output buffer, ii=%d, oi=%d", inBufferIndex, outBufferIndex));                        if (outBufferIndex >= 0) {                            ByteBuffer bb = outBuffers[outBufferIndex];                            onEncodedAnnexbFrame(bb, ebi);                            encoder.releaseOutputBuffer(outBufferIndex, false);                        }                        if (outBufferIndex < 0) {                            break;                        }                    }                }                // to fetch next frame.                camera.addCallbackBuffer(buffer);            }        };

MUX為FLV流 擷取編碼的annexb資料後,調用函數發送到伺服器:
    // when got encoded h264 es stream.    private void onEncodedAnnexbFrame(ByteBuffer es, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bi) {        try {            muxer.writeSampleData(videoTrack, es, bi);        } catch (Exception e) {            Log.e(TAG, "muxer write sample failed.");            e.printStackTrace();        }    }

最後這個環節,一般會用librtmp或者srslibrtmp,或者ffmpeg發送。如果伺服器能直接支援http post,那麼就可以使用HttpURLConnection直接發送了。SRS3將會支援HTTP-FLV推流;因此只需要將編碼的annexb格式的資料,轉換成flv後發送給SRS伺服器。
SRS2支援了HTTP FLV Stream caster,也就是支援POST一個flv流到伺服器,就相當於RTMP的publish了。可以直接使用android-publisher提供的FlvMuxer,將annexb資料打包發送,參考:https://github.com/simple-rtmp-server/android-publisher
其中,annexb打包的過程如下:
        public void writeVideoSample(final ByteBuffer bb, MediaCodec.BufferInfo bi) throws Exception {            int pts = (int)(bi.presentationTimeUs / 1000);            int dts = (int)pts;            ArrayList<SrsAnnexbFrame> ibps = new ArrayList<SrsAnnexbFrame>();            int frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame.InterFrame;            //Log.i(TAG, String.format("video %d/%d bytes, offset=%d, position=%d, pts=%d", bb.remaining(), bi.size, bi.offset, bb.position(), pts));            // send each frame.            while (bb.position() < bi.size) {                SrsAnnexbFrame frame = avc.annexb_demux(bb, bi);                // 5bits, 7.3.1 NAL unit syntax,                // H.264-AVC-ISO_IEC_14496-10.pdf, page 44.                //  7: SPS, 8: PPS, 5: I Frame, 1: P Frame                int nal_unit_type = (int)(frame.frame.get(0) & 0x1f);                if (nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluType.SPS || nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluType.PPS) {                    Log.i(TAG, String.format("annexb demux %dB, pts=%d, frame=%dB, nalu=%d", bi.size, pts, frame.size, nal_unit_type));                }                // for IDR frame, the frame is keyframe.                if (nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluType.IDR) {                    frame_type = SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame.KeyFrame;                }                // ignore the nalu type aud(9)                if (nal_unit_type == SrsAvcNaluType.AccessUnitDelimiter) {                    continue;                }                // for sps                if (avc.is_sps(frame)) {                    byte[] sps = new byte[frame.size];                    frame.frame.get(sps);                    if (utils.srs_bytes_equals(h264_sps, sps)) {                        continue;                    }                    h264_sps_changed = true;                    h264_sps = sps;                    continue;                }                // for pps                if (avc.is_pps(frame)) {                    byte[] pps = new byte[frame.size];                    frame.frame.get(pps);                    if (utils.srs_bytes_equals(h264_pps, pps)) {                        continue;                    }                    h264_pps_changed = true;                    h264_pps = pps;                    continue;                }                // ibp frame.                SrsAnnexbFrame nalu_header = avc.mux_ibp_frame(frame);                ibps.add(nalu_header);                ibps.add(frame);            }            write_h264_sps_pps(dts, pts);            write_h264_ipb_frame(ibps, frame_type, dts, pts);        }

至於發送到伺服器,其實就是使用系統的HTTP用戶端。代碼如下:
    private void reconnect() throws Exception {        // when bos not null, already connected.        if (bos != null) {            return;        }        disconnect();        URL u = new URL(url);        conn = (HttpURLConnection)u.openConnection();        Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: connect to SRS by url=%s", url));        conn.setDoOutput(true);        conn.setChunkedStreamingMode(0);        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream");        bos = new BufferedOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());        Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: muxer opened, url=%s", url));        // write 13B header        // 9bytes header and 4bytes first previous-tag-size        byte[] flv_header = new byte[]{                'F', 'L', 'V', // Signatures "FLV"                (byte) 0x01, // File version (for example, 0x01 for FLV version 1)                (byte) 0x00, // 4, audio; 1, video; 5 audio+video.                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x09, // DataOffset UI32 The length of this header in bytes                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00        };        bos.write(flv_header);        bos.flush();        Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: flv header ok."));        sendFlvTag(bos, videoSequenceHeader);    }    private void sendFlvTag(BufferedOutputStream bos, SrsFlvFrame frame) throws IOException {        if (frame == null) {            return;        }        if (frame.frame_type == SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame.KeyFrame) {            Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: got frame type=%d, dts=%d, size=%dB", frame.type, frame.dts, frame.tag.size));        } else {            //Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: got frame type=%d, dts=%d, size=%dB", frame.type, frame.dts, frame.tag.size));        }        // cache the sequence header.        if (frame.type == SrsCodecFlvTag.Video && frame.avc_aac_type == SrsCodecVideoAVCType.SequenceHeader) {            videoSequenceHeader = frame;        }        if (bos == null || frame.tag.size <= 0) {            return;        }        // write the 11B flv tag header        ByteBuffer th = ByteBuffer.allocate(11);        // Reserved UB [2]        // Filter UB [1]        // TagType UB [5]        // DataSize UI24        int tag_size = (int)((frame.tag.size & 0x00FFFFFF) | ((frame.type & 0x1F) << 24));        th.putInt(tag_size);        // Timestamp UI24        // TimestampExtended UI8        int time = (int)((frame.dts << 8) & 0xFFFFFF00) | ((frame.dts >> 24) & 0x000000FF);        th.putInt(time);        // StreamID UI24 Always 0.        th.put((byte)0);        th.put((byte)0);        th.put((byte)0);        bos.write(th.array());        // write the flv tag data.        byte[] data = frame.tag.frame.array();        bos.write(data, 0, frame.tag.size);        // write the 4B previous tag size.        // @remark, we append the tag size, this is different to SRS which write RTMP packet.        ByteBuffer pps = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);        pps.putInt((int)(frame.tag.size + 11));        bos.write(pps.array());        bos.flush();        if (frame.frame_type == SrsCodecVideoAVCFrame.KeyFrame) {            Log.i(TAG, String.format("worker: send frame type=%d, dts=%d, size=%dB, tag_size=%#x, time=%#x",                    frame.type, frame.dts, frame.tag.size, tag_size, time            ));        }    }

全部使用Java代碼,最後apk編譯出來才1405KB,穩定性也高很多,我已經在上班路上直播過了,除了碼率低不太清楚,還沒有死掉過。

Winlin

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