Android開發中,當需要建立在後台啟動並執行程式的時候,就要使用到Service。Service 可以分為有無限生命和有限生命兩種。特別需要注意的是Service跟Activities是不同的(簡單來說可以理解為後台與前台的區別),例如,如果需要使用Service的話,需要調用startService(),從而利用startService()去調用Service中的OnCreate()和onStart()方法來啟動一個背景Service。
啟動一個Service的過程如下:context.startService() ->onCreate()- >onStart()->Service running其中onCreate()可以進行一些服務的初始化工作,onStart()則啟動服務。
停止一個Service的過程如下:context.stopService() | ->onDestroy() ->Service stop
接下來的執行個體是一個利用後台服務播放音樂的小例子,點擊start運行服務,點擊stop停止服務。
ServicesDemo.java(是一個Activity)
package com.android.myservice;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;public class ServiceDemo extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private static final String TAG = "ServiceDemo"; Button buttonStart, buttonStop; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); buttonStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStart); buttonStop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStop); buttonStart.setOnClickListener(this); buttonStop.setOnClickListener(this); } public void onClick(View src) { switch (src.getId()) { case R.id.buttonStart: Log.i(TAG, "onClick: starting service"); startService(new Intent(this, MyService.class)); break; case R.id.buttonStop: Log.i(TAG, "onClick: stopping service"); stopService(new Intent(this, MyService.class)); break; } }}
除此之外還要在Manifest裡面聲明服務:(AndroidManifest.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.android.myservice"> <application android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".ServiceDemo" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> </intent-filter> </activity> <service android:enabled="true" android:name=".MyService"/> </application></manifest>
定義Service(MyService.java)
package com.android.myservice;import android.app.Service;import android.content.Intent;import android.media.MediaPlayer;import android.os.IBinder;import android.util.Log;import android.widget.Toast;public class MyService extends Service { private static final String TAG = "MyService"; MediaPlayer player; @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } @Override public void onCreate() { Toast.makeText(this, "My Service created", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); Log.i(TAG, "onCreate"); player = MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.braincandy); player.setLooping(false); } @Override public void onDestroy() { Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Stoped", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy"); player.stop(); } @Override public void onStart(Intent intent, int startid) { Toast.makeText(this, "My Service Start", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); Log.i(TAG, "onStart"); player.start(); }}
layout檔案夾中是main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:gravity="center"><TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/services_demo" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:padding="20dp"/><Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/buttonStart" android:text="@string/start"></Button><Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/stop" android:id="@+id/buttonStop"></Button></LinearLayout>
values 檔案夾中是strings.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources> <string name="start">Start</string> <string name="stop">Stop</string> <string name="services_demo">Service Demo</string></resources>