Android View體系（七）從源碼解析View的measure流程

Android View體系（七）從源碼解析View的measure流程

相關文章
Android View體系（一）視圖座標系
Android View體系（二）實現View滑動的六種方法
Android View體系（三）屬性動畫
Android View體系（四）從源碼解析Scroller
Android View體系（五）從源碼解析View的事件分發機制
Android View體系（六）從源碼解析Activity的構成

前言

在上一篇我們瞭解了Activity的構成後，開始瞭解一下View的工作流程，就是measure、layout和draw。measure用來測量View的寬高，layout用來確定View的位置，draw則用來繪製View。這一講我們來看看measure流程，measure流程分為View的measure流程和ViewGroup的measure流程，只不過ViewGroup的measure流程除了要完成自己的測量還要遍曆去調用子項目的measure()方法。

1.View的measure流程

先來看看onMeasure()方法（View.java）：

   protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));    }

看看setMeasuredDimension()方法：

 protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {        boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);        if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {            Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();            int opticalWidth  = insets.left + insets.right;            int opticalHeight = insets.top  + insets.bottom;            measuredWidth  += optical ? opticalWidth  : -opticalWidth;            measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;        }        setMeasuredDimensionRaw(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);    }

很顯然是用來設定View的寬高的，先來看看getDefaultSize()方法處理了什麼：

    public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {        int result = size;        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);        switch (specMode) {        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:            result = size;            break;        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:            result = specSize;            break;        }        return result;    }

specMode是View的測量模式，而specSize是View的測量大小，看到這裡我們有必要先看看MeasureSpec類：

 public static class MeasureSpec {        private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;        private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;        /**         * Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint         * on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.         */        public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;        /**         * Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size         * for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless         * of how big it wants to be.         */        public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;        /**         * Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up         * to the specified size.         */        public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;...省略 public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {            return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);        }  public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {            return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);        }...省略        }

MeasureSpec類協助我們來測量View，它是一個32位的int值，高兩位為specMode （測量的模式），低30位為specSize （測量的大小），測量模式分為三種：

UNSPECIFIED：未指定模式，View想多大就多大，父容器不做限制，一般用於系統內部的測量。 AT_MOST：最大模式，對應於wrap_comtent屬性，只要尺寸不超過父控制項允許的最大尺寸就行。 EXACTLY：精確模式，對應於match_parent屬性和具體的數值，父容器測量出View所需要的大小，也就是specSize的值。

讓我們回頭看看getDefaultSize()方法，很顯然在AT_MOST和EXACTLY模式下，都返回specSize這個值，也就是View測量後的大小，而在UNSPECIFIED模式返回的是getDefaultSize()方法的第一次個參數的值，這第一個參數從onMeasure()方法來看是getSuggestedMinimumWidth()方法和getSuggestedMinimumHeight()得到的，那我們來看看getSuggestedMinimumWidth()方法做了什麼，我們只需要弄懂getSuggestedMinimumWidth()方法，因為這兩個方法原理是一樣的：

  protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());    }

如果View沒有設定背景則取值為mMinWidth，mMinWidth是可以設定的，它對應於android:minWidth這個屬性設定的值或者View的setMinimumWidth的值，如果不指定的話則預設為0：

    public void setMinimumWidth(int minWidth) {        mMinWidth = minWidth;        requestLayout();    }

如果View設定了背景在取值為max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth())，取值mMinWidth和mBackground.getMinimumWidth()的最大值，上面我們說過了mMinWidth，那來看看mBackground.getMinimumWidth()，這個mBackground是Drawable類型的，看一下Drawable類的getMinimumWidth()方法（Drawable.java）：

 public int getMinimumWidth() {        final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();        return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;    }

intrinsicWidth得到的是這個Drawable的固有的寬度，如果固有寬度大於0則返回固有寬度，否則返回0。
總結一下getSuggestedMinimumWidth()方法就是：如果View沒有設定背景則返回mMinWidth ，如果設定了背景就返回mMinWidth 和Drawable最小寬度兩個值的最大值。

2.ViewGroup的measure流程 ViewGroup的measure原理

講完了View的measure流程，接下來看看ViewGroup的measure流程，對於ViewGroup，它不只要measure自己本身，還要遍曆的調用子項目的measure()方法，ViewGroup中沒有定義onMeasure()方法，但他定義了measureChildren()方法（ViewGroup.java）：

 protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {        final int size = mChildrenCount;        final View[] children = mChildren;        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {            final View child = children[i];            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {                measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);            }        }    }

就是遍曆子項目並調用measureChild()方法：

 protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,            int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {        final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);    }

調用child.getLayoutParams()方法來獲得子項目的LayoutParams屬性，並擷取到子項目的MeasureSpec並調用子項目的measure()方法進行測量。getChildMeasureSpec()方法裡寫了什麼呢？

    public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);        int resultSize = 0;        int resultMode = 0;        switch (specMode) {        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:            if (childDimension >= 0) {                resultSize = childDimension;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be                // bigger than us.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;            }            break;        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:            if (childDimension >= 0) {                // Child wants a specific size... so be it                resultSize = childDimension;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be                // bigger than us.                resultSize = size;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;            }            break;        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:            if (childDimension >= 0) {                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it                resultSize = childDimension;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should                // be                resultSize = 0;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how                // big it should be                resultSize = 0;                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;            }            break;        }        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);    }

很顯然這是根據父容器的MeasureSpec的模式再結合子項目的LayoutParams屬性來得出子項目的MeasureSpec屬性，有一點需要注意的是如果父容器的MeasureSpec屬性為AT_MOST，子項目的LayoutParams屬性為WRAP_CONTENT，那根據代碼我們會發現子項目的MeasureSpec屬性也為AT_MOST，它的specSize值為父容器的specSize減去padding的值，也就是說跟這個子項目設定LayoutParams屬性為MATCH_PARENT效果是一樣的，為瞭解決這個問題需要在LayoutParams屬性為WRAP_CONTENT時指定一下預設的寬和高。

LinearLayout的measure流程

ViewGroup並沒有提供onMeasure()方法，而是讓其子類來各自實現測量的方法，究其原因就是ViewGroup有不同的布局的需要很難統一，接下來我們來簡單分析一下ViewGroup的子類LinearLayout的measure流程，先來看看它的onMeasure()方法（LinearLayout.java）：

 @Override    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {            measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);        } else {            measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);        }    }

來看看垂直measureVertical()方法的部分源碼：

 void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {        mTotalLength = 0;     mTotalLength = 0;        ...省略  for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {            final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);            if (child == null) {                mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);                continue;            }            if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) {               i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);               continue;            }            if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {                mTotalLength += mDividerHeight;            }            LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();            totalWeight += lp.weight;            if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) {                // Optimization: don't bother measuring children who are going to use                // leftover space. These views will get measured again down below if                // there is any leftover space.                final int totalLength = mTotalLength;                mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);                skippedMeasure = true;            } else {                int oldHeight = Integer.MIN_VALUE;                if (lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) {                    // heightMode is either UNSPECIFIED or AT_MOST, and this                    // child wanted to stretch to fill available space.                    // Translate that to WRAP_CONTENT so that it does not end up                    // with a height of 0                    oldHeight = 0;                    lp.height = LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;                }                // Determine how big this child would like to be. If this or                // previous children have given a weight, then we allow it to                // use all available space (and we will shrink things later                // if needed).                measureChildBeforeLayout(                       child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec,                       totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0);                if (oldHeight != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {                   lp.height = oldHeight;                }                final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();                final int totalLength = mTotalLength;                mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +                       lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));...省略        if (useLargestChild &&                (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST || heightMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)) {            mTotalLength = 0;            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {                final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);                if (child == null) {                    mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);                    continue;                }                if (child.getVisibility() == GONE) {                    i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);                    continue;                }                final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams)                        child.getLayoutParams();                // Account for negative margins                final int totalLength = mTotalLength;                mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + largestChildHeight +                        lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));            }        }        // Add in our padding        mTotalLength += mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;        int heightSize = mTotalLength;        // Check against our minimum height

定義了mTotalLength用來儲存LinearLayout在垂直方向的高度，然後遍曆子項目，根據子項目的MeasureSpec模式分別計算每個子項目的高度，如果是wrap_content則將每個子項目的高度和margin垂直高度等值相加並賦值給mTotalLength得出整個LinearLayout的高度。如果布局高度設定為match_parent者具體數值則和View的測量方法一樣。