Android XMPP通訊自訂Packet&Provider_Android

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摘要

在xmpp通訊過程中,asmack中提供的Packet組件是IQ,Message,Presence三種: IQ用於查詢 Message用於訊息傳遞 Presence用於狀態互動 他們都是Packet的子類,實質是用於將訊息封裝成響應的xml格式來進行資料交換,都有著良好的可擴充性。

簡介

我們以開源項目androidpn為例:

androidpn (Android Push Notification)是一個基於XMPP協議的java開源Android push notification實現。它包含了完整的用戶端和伺服器端。

androidpn包括Server端和Client端,項目名稱是androidpn-server和androidpn-client。

事實上,androidpn-server可以支援app運行於iOS,UWP,Windows,Linux等平台,不僅限於android,因此,希望項目的名稱改為XPN(Xmpp Push Notification)似乎更加符合其實際情境,我們以後涉及到Android Push Notification統稱為XPN。

XNP目前狀態

項目自2014年1月就已經停止更新了,此外,asmack項目也停止更新了,作者建議使用openfire官方的smack4.0,不過這樣的話引入的jar會特別多,特別大。當然,我們下載到了asmack8.10.0比較新的穩定版本,可以完全用於學習和擴充。

項目相關下載網站

asmack-github.com - asmack項目地址

asmack-asmack.freakempire.de - asmack鏡像地址

androidpn(XPN)-github.com - androidpn下載地址

一.關於Packet資料包

Packet是IQ,Message,Presence的父類,用於實現訊息組件類型。

訊息語意學message

message是一種基本推送訊息方法,它不要求響應。主要用於IM、groupChat、alert和notification之類的應用中。
主要 屬性如下:

    type屬性,它主要有5種類型:
        normal:類似於email,主要特點是不要求響應;
        chat:類似於qq裡的好友即時聊天,主要特點是即時通訊;
        groupchat:類似於聊天室裡的群聊;
        headline:用於發送alert和notification;
        error:如果發送message出錯,發現錯誤的實體會用這個類別來通知寄件者出錯了;

to屬性:標識訊息的接收方。

from屬性:指發送方的名字或標示。為防止地址外泄,這個地址通常由寄件者的server填寫,而不是寄件者。
載荷(payload):例如body,subject

<message to="lily@jabber.org/contact"  type="chat" >   <body> 你好,在忙嗎</body> </message>

出席資訊語意學presence

presence用來表明使用者的狀態,如:online、away、dnd(請勿打擾)等。當改變自己的狀態時,就會在stream的上下文中插入一個Presence元素,來表明自身的狀態。要想接受presence訊息,必須經過一個叫做presence subscription的授權過程。
屬性:

type屬性,非必須。有以下類別
    subscribe:訂閱其他使用者的狀態
    probe:請求擷取其他使用者的狀態
    unavailable:不可用,離線(offline)狀態

to屬性:標識訊息的接收方。

from屬性:指發送方的名字或標示。

載荷(payload):
    show:
    chat:聊天中
    away:暫時離開
    xa:eXtend Away,長時間離開
    dnd:勿打擾
status:格式自由,可閱讀的文本。也叫做rich presence或者extended presence,常用來表示使用者當前心情,活動,聽的歌曲,看的視頻,所在的聊天室,訪問的網頁,玩的遊戲等等。
priority:範圍-128~127。高優先順序的resource能接受發送到bare JID的訊息,低優先順序的resource不能。優先順序為
<presence from="alice@wonderland.lit/pda">
  <show>xa</show>
  <status>down the rabbit hole!</status>
</presence>

IQ語意學

一種請求/響應機制,從一個實體從發送請求,另外一個實體接受請求,並進行響應。例如,client在stream的上下文中插入一個元素,向Server請求得到自己的好友名單,Server返回一個,裡面是請求的結果。
主要的屬性是type。包括:
    Get :擷取當前域值。類似於http get方法。
    Set :設定或替換get查詢的值。類似於http put方法。
    Result :說明成功的響應了先前的查詢。類似於http狀態代碼200。
    Error: 查詢和響應中出現的錯誤。
<iq from="alice@wonderland.lit/pda" 
    id="rr82a1z7"
    to="alice@wonderland.lit" 
    type="get">
  <query xmlns="jabber:iq:roster"/>
</iq>

二.自訂Packet

由於伺服器和用戶端使用的Packet不同,但是他們互動的資料格式都是xml,因此,這個過程我們理解xml實現過程即可。

1.定義Packet封裝對象

由於asmack標籤解析的限制,我們不能自訂解析,除非修改源碼,這裡出於簡單,這裡只能繼承現有標籤之一。

我麼按照項目代碼NotificationIQ為例,這裡沒有繼承Packet,而是繼承了IQ

import org.jivesoftware.smack.packet.IQ;/**  * This class represents a notifcatin IQ packet. * * @author Sehwan Noh (devnoh@gmail.com) */public class NotificationIQ extends IQ {  private String id;  private String apiKey;  private String title;  private String message;  private String uri;  public NotificationIQ() {  }  @Override  public String getChildElementXML() {    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();    buf.append("<").append("notification").append(" xmlns=\"").append(        "androidpn:iq:notification").append("\">");    if (id != null) {      buf.append("<id>").append(id).append("</id>");    }    buf.append("</").append("notification").append("> ");    return buf.toString();  }  public String getId() {    return id;  }  public void setId(String id) {    this.id = id;  }  public String getApiKey() {    return apiKey;  }  public void setApiKey(String apiKey) {    this.apiKey = apiKey;  }  public String getTitle() {    return title;  }  public void setTitle(String title) {    this.title = title;  }  public String getMessage() {    return message;  }  public void setMessage(String message) {    this.message = message;  }  public String getUri() {    return uri;  }  public void setUri(String url) {    this.uri = url;  }}

其中,getChildElementXml()是IQ的子類,用來拼接成<iq>下的直接點。

public abstract class IQ extends Packet {  private Type type = Type.GET;  public IQ() {    super();  }  public IQ(IQ iq) {    super(iq);    type = iq.getType();  }  /**   * Returns the type of the IQ packet.   *   * @return the type of the IQ packet.   */  public Type getType() {    return type;  }  /**   * Sets the type of the IQ packet.   *   * @param type the type of the IQ packet.   */  public void setType(Type type) {    if (type == null) {      this.type = Type.GET;    }    else {      this.type = type;    }  }  public String toXML() {    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();    buf.append("<iq ");    if (getPacketID() != null) {      buf.append("id=\"" + getPacketID() + "\" ");    }    if (getTo() != null) {      buf.append("to=\"").append(StringUtils.escapeForXML(getTo())).append("\" ");    }    if (getFrom() != null) {      buf.append("from=\"").append(StringUtils.escapeForXML(getFrom())).append("\" ");    }    if (type == null) {      buf.append("type=\"get\">");    }    else {      buf.append("type=\"").append(getType()).append("\">");    }    // Add the query section if there is one.    String queryXML = getChildElementXML();    if (queryXML != null) {      buf.append(queryXML);    }    // Add the error sub-packet, if there is one.    XMPPError error = getError();    if (error != null) {      buf.append(error.toXML());    }    buf.append("</iq>");    return buf.toString();  }  /**   * Returns the sub-element XML section of the IQ packet, or <tt>null</tt> if there   * isn't one. Packet extensions <b>must</b> be included, if any are defined.<p>   *   * Extensions of this class must override this method.   *   * @return the child element section of the IQ XML.   */  public abstract String getChildElementXML();  /**   * Convenience method to create a new empty {@link Type#RESULT IQ.Type.RESULT}   * IQ based on a {@link Type#GET IQ.Type.GET} or {@link Type#SET IQ.Type.SET}   * IQ. The new packet will be initialized with:<ul>   *   <li>The sender set to the recipient of the originating IQ.   *   <li>The recipient set to the sender of the originating IQ.   *   <li>The type set to {@link Type#RESULT IQ.Type.RESULT}.   *   <li>The id set to the id of the originating IQ.   *   <li>No child element of the IQ element.   * </ul>   *   * @param iq the {@link Type#GET IQ.Type.GET} or {@link Type#SET IQ.Type.SET} IQ packet.   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the IQ packet does not have a type of   *   {@link Type#GET IQ.Type.GET} or {@link Type#SET IQ.Type.SET}.   * @return a new {@link Type#RESULT IQ.Type.RESULT} IQ based on the originating IQ.   */  public static IQ createResultIQ(final IQ request) {    if (!(request.getType() == Type.GET || request.getType() == Type.SET)) {      throw new IllegalArgumentException(          "IQ must be of type 'set' or 'get'. Original IQ: " + request.toXML());    }    final IQ result = new IQ() {      public String getChildElementXML() {        return null;      }    };    result.setType(Type.RESULT);    result.setPacketID(request.getPacketID());    result.setFrom(request.getTo());    result.setTo(request.getFrom());    return result;  }  /**   * Convenience method to create a new {@link Type#ERROR IQ.Type.ERROR} IQ   * based on a {@link Type#GET IQ.Type.GET} or {@link Type#SET IQ.Type.SET}   * IQ. The new packet will be initialized with:<ul>   *   <li>The sender set to the recipient of the originating IQ.   *   <li>The recipient set to the sender of the originating IQ.   *   <li>The type set to {@link Type#ERROR IQ.Type.ERROR}.   *   <li>The id set to the id of the originating IQ.   *   <li>The child element contained in the associated originating IQ.   *   <li>The provided {@link XMPPError XMPPError}.   * </ul>   *   * @param iq the {@link Type#GET IQ.Type.GET} or {@link Type#SET IQ.Type.SET} IQ packet.   * @param error the error to associate with the created IQ packet.   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the IQ packet does not have a type of   *   {@link Type#GET IQ.Type.GET} or {@link Type#SET IQ.Type.SET}.   * @return a new {@link Type#ERROR IQ.Type.ERROR} IQ based on the originating IQ.   */  public static IQ createErrorResponse(final IQ request, final XMPPError error) {    if (!(request.getType() == Type.GET || request.getType() == Type.SET)) {      throw new IllegalArgumentException(          "IQ must be of type 'set' or 'get'. Original IQ: " + request.toXML());    }    final IQ result = new IQ() {      public String getChildElementXML() {        return request.getChildElementXML();      }    };    result.setType(Type.ERROR);    result.setPacketID(request.getPacketID());    result.setFrom(request.getTo());    result.setTo(request.getFrom());    result.setError(error);    return result;  }  /**   * A class to represent the type of the IQ packet. The types are:   *   * <ul>   *   <li>IQ.Type.GET   *   <li>IQ.Type.SET   *   <li>IQ.Type.RESULT   *   <li>IQ.Type.ERROR   * </ul>   */  public static class Type {    public static final Type GET = new Type("get");    public static final Type SET = new Type("set");    public static final Type RESULT = new Type("result");    public static final Type ERROR = new Type("error");    /**     * Converts a String into the corresponding types. Valid String values     * that can be converted to types are: "get", "set", "result", and "error".     *     * @param type the String value to covert.     * @return the corresponding Type.     */    public static Type fromString(String type) {      if (type == null) {        return null;      }      type = type.toLowerCase();      if (GET.toString().equals(type)) {        return GET;      }      else if (SET.toString().equals(type)) {        return SET;      }      else if (ERROR.toString().equals(type)) {        return ERROR;      }      else if (RESULT.toString().equals(type)) {        return RESULT;      }      else {        return null;      }    }    private String value;    private Type(String value) {      this.value = value;    }    public String toString() {      return value;    }  }}

最終可產生如下結構的資料

<iq from=""> <nofitication xlns=""><iq>

我們在項目中的使用很簡單

xmppManager.getConnection().sendPacket(<NotificationIQ>niq)

當然,上面只是實現了object->xml,接下來我們實現xml->data

2.實現IQProvider

先來看看IQProvider源碼

public interface IQProvider {  /**   * Parse the IQ sub-document and create an IQ instance. Each IQ must have a   * single child element. At the beginning of the method call, the xml parser   * will be positioned at the opening tag of the IQ child element. At the end   * of the method call, the parser <b>must</b> be positioned on the closing tag   * of the child element.   *   * @param parser an XML parser.   * @return a new IQ instance.   * @throws Exception if an error occurs parsing the XML.   */  public IQ parseIQ(XmlPullParser parser) throws Exception;}

實現自訂的解析工具

public class NotificationIQProvider implements IQProvider {  public NotificationIQProvider() {  }  @Override  public IQ parseIQ(XmlPullParser parser) throws Exception {    NotificationIQ notification = new NotificationIQ();    for (boolean done = false; !done;) {      int eventType = parser.next();      if (eventType == 2) {        if ("id".equals(parser.getName())) {          notification.setId(parser.nextText());        }        if ("apiKey".equals(parser.getName())) {          notification.setApiKey(parser.nextText());        }        if ("title".equals(parser.getName())) {          notification.setTitle(parser.nextText());        }        if ("message".equals(parser.getName())) {          notification.setMessage(parser.nextText());        }        if ("uri".equals(parser.getName())) {          notification.setUri(parser.nextText());        }      } else if (eventType == 3          && "notification".equals(parser.getName())) {        done = true;      }    }    return notification;  }}

項目中使用方法

ProviderManager.getInstance().addIQProvider("notification",              "androidpn:iq:notification",              new NotificationIQProvider());

在asmack中PacketParserUtils類中會進行如下調用

 Object provider = ProviderManager.getInstance().getIQProvider(elementName, namespace);          if (provider != null) {            if (provider instanceof IQProvider) {              iqPacket = ((IQProvider)provider).parseIQ(parser);            }            else if (provider instanceof Class) {              iqPacket = (IQ)PacketParserUtils.parseWithIntrospection(elementName,                  (Class<?>)provider, parser);            }          }

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