Angular 可使用指令無縫地增強標準表單元素的功能，我們將討論它的優點，包括：
資料繫結、建立模型屬性、驗證表單、驗證表單後反饋資訊、表單指令屬性
下面我們通過案例驗證他們的用法：
一、雙向資料繫結（ng-model）和建立模型屬性
<!DOCTYPE><!-- use module --><html ng-app="exampleApp"><head> <title>Angular Directive</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"></head><body><!-- 案例：雙向資料繫結 --><div class="panel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl"> <!-- 過濾complete為false的項 --> <h3 class="panel-header">To Do List<span class="label label-info">{{(todos | filter : {complete : 'false'}).length}}</span></h3> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="col-xs-6"> <div class="form-group row"> <label for="action">Action: </label> <!-- ng-model 雙向繫結 --> <!-- 雙向資料繫結：資料模型（Module）和視圖（View）之間的雙向繫結。 --> <!-- 當其中一方發送更替後，另一個也發生變化 --> <input type="text" id="action" ng-model="newToDo.action" class="form-control"> </div> <div class="form-group row"> <label for="location">Location: </label> <select id="location" class="form-control" ng-model="newToDo.location"> <option>Home</option> <option>Office</option> <option>Mall</option> </select> </div> <!-- ng-click點擊Add添加項目 --> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-block" ng-click="addNewItem(newToDo)">Add</button> </div> <div class="col-xs-6"> <table class="table table-bordered table-striped"> <thead> <tr><th>#</th><th>Action</th><th>Done</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr ng-repeat="item in todos"> <!-- $index預設為0,遞增 --> <td>{{$index + 1}}</td> <td>{{item.action}}</td> <td> <input type="checkbox" ng-model="item.complete"/> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div></div><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">// define a module named exampleAppangular.module("exampleApp", []) // define a controller named defaultCtrl .controller('defaultCtrl', function ($scope) { // 資料模型 $scope.todos = [ { action : "play ball", complete : false }, { action : "singing", complete : false }, { action : "running", complete : true }, { action : "dance", complete : true }, { action : "swimming", complete : false }, { action : "eating", complete : false }, ]; // 添加資料到模型 $scope.addNewItem = function (newItem) { // 判斷是否存在 if (angular.isDefined(newItem) && angular.isDefined(newItem.action) && angular.isDefined(newItem.location)) { $scope.todos.push({ action : newItem.action + " (" + newItem.location + ")", complete : false }) } } })</script></body></html>
首先定義了資料模型scope.todos和添加資料到模型的addNewItem()方法，接著使用雙向資料繫結ng−model將視圖中表單的action和location和模型中的 scope.todos進行綁定，
最後通過ng-click點擊屬性觸發添加資料到模型的addNewItem()方法完成操作
二、驗證表單
在我們提交表單到伺服器之前，我們需要來檢測一下使用者提交的資料是否存在或者是說合法，否則提交無用的資料會浪費資源。
<!DOCTYPE><!-- use module --><html ng-app="exampleApp"><head> <title>Angular Directive</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <style> </style></head><body><div id="todoPanel" class="panel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl"> <!-- novalidate表示拋棄瀏覽器內建的表單驗證，用NG自己的驗證 --> <!-- ng-submit="addUser(newUser) 當表單資料合法時,提交資料到模型 --> <form name="myForm" novalidate ng-submit="addUser(newUser)"> <div class="well"> <div class="form-group"> <label>Name:</label> <!-- required 表該表單必填 --> <!-- ng-model="newUser.name" 雙向資料繫結 --> <input name="userName" type="text" class="form-control" required ng-model="newUser.name"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Email:</label> <input name="userEmail" type="email" class="form-control"required ng-model="newUser.email"> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input name="agreed" type="checkbox"ng-model="newUser.agreed" required> I agree to the terms and conditions </label> </div> <!-- g-disabled="myForm.$invalid" 當前面填寫表單中的任意一項不合法時，該提交按鈕都是停用 --> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" ng-disabled="myForm.$invalid"> OK </button> </div> <div class="well"> Message: {{message}} <div> Valid: {{myForm.$valid}} </div> </div> </form></div><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">angular.module("exampleApp", []) .controller("defaultCtrl", function ($scope) { // 添加使用者資料到模型$scope.message $scope.addUser = function (userDetails) { $scope.message = userDetails.name + " (" + userDetails.email + ") (" + userDetails.agreed + ")"; } // 顯示驗證前後的結果 $scope.message = "Ready";});</script></body></html>
首先定義了資料模型scope.message和添加資料到模型的addUser()方法，接著在視圖中添加表單元素validate、name屬性和ng−submit屬性隨後使用雙向資料繫結ng−model將視圖中表單的action和location和模型中的 scope.todos進行綁定，且使用驗證屬性required和email表單
之後對提交按鈕進行禁用，僅當表單資料全部合法才能用，不合法都禁用（ng-disabled=”myForm.$invalid”）
最後通過ng-submit屬性提交資料到模型的addUser()方法完成操作
三、表單驗證反饋資訊
我們僅僅對錶單進行驗證是遠遠不夠的，因為使用者不知道為什麼出錯而感到困惑，因此我們需要反饋資訊給使用者，讓他們明白該填寫什麼
先介紹一下NG中要驗證的類
ng-pristine 使用者沒互動元素被添加到這個類
ng-dirty 使用者互動過元素被添加到這個類
ng-valid 驗證結果有效元素被添加到這個類
ng-invalid 驗證結果無效元素被添加到這個類
<!DOCTYPE><!-- use module --><html ng-app="exampleApp"><head> <title>Angular Directive</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <style> /*互動且必填樣式*/ form.validate .ng-invalid-required.ng-dirty { background-color: orange; } /*互動不合法樣式*/ form .ng-invalid.ng-dirty { background-color: lightpink; } /*郵件不合法且互動過*/ form.validate .ng-invalid-email.ng-dirty { background-color: lightgoldenrodyellow; } div.error{ color: red; font-weight: bold; } div.summary.ng-valid{ color: green; font-weight: bold; } div.summary.ng-invalid{ color: red; font-weight: bold; } </style></head><body><!-- 案例：雙向資料繫結 --><div class="panel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl"> <!-- novalidate="novalidate" 僅僅NG表單驗證 --> <!-- ng-submit="addUser(newUser)" 添加資料到模型 --> <!-- ng-class="showValidation ? 'validate' : '' 當驗證合法，showValidation為true，這是觸發ng-class為validate --> <form name="myForm" class="well" novalidate="novalidate" ng-submit="addUser(newUser)" ng-class="showValidation ? 'validate' : ''"> <div class="form-group"> <div class=" form-group"> <label>Email: </label> <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" required="required" ng-model="newUser.email"> <!-- 驗證提示資訊 --> <div class="error"> <!-- 顯示反饋資訊 --> <span ng-class="error" ng-show="showValidation"> {{getError(myForm.email.$error)}} </span> </div> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" >OK</button> <div class="well"> Message : {{message}} <!-- 當myForm.$valid驗證合法，showValidation為true，這是觸發ng-class為ng-valid，否則，ng-invalid --> <div class="summary" ng-class="myForm.$valid ? 'ng-valid' : 'ng-invalid'" > Valid : {{myForm.$valid}} </div> </div> </form></div><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">// define a module named exampleAppangular.module("exampleApp", []) // define a controller named defaultCtrl .controller('defaultCtrl', function ($scope) { // 添加資料到模型 $scope.addUser = function (userDetails) { if (myForm.$valid) { $scope.message = userDetails.name + " (" + userDetails.email + ") (" + userDetails.agreed + ")"; } else { $scope.showValidation = true; } } // 資料模型 $scope.message = "Ready"; // 錯誤反饋資訊 // 當沒有填寫資訊時，提示Please enter a value // 當驗證出錯時，提示Please enter a valid email address $scope.getError = function (error) { if (angular.isDefined(error)) { if (error.required) { return "Please enter a value"; } else if (error.email) { return "Please enter a valid email address"; } } } })</script></body></html>
首先在style中定義反饋資訊的樣式、表單驗證的樣式
接著在JS中寫入錯誤時反饋的資訊
最後在視圖中綁定ng-class
四、表單指令屬性
1.使用input元素
<!DOCTYPE><!-- use module --><html ng-app="exampleApp"><head> <title>Angular Directive</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <style> </style></head><body><div class="panel" id="todoPanel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl"> <form name="myForm" novalidate="novalidate"> <div class="well"> <div class="form-group"> <label>Text: </label> <!-- ng-required="requireValue" 通過資料繫結required值 --> <!-- ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10" 允許最大最小字元--> <!-- ng-pattern="matchPattern" 正則匹配 --> <input name="sample" class="form-control" ng-model="inputValue" ng-required="requireValue" ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10" ng-pattern="matchPattern"> </div> </div> <div class="well"> <!-- 必填 --> <p>Required Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.required}}</p> <!-- 最小最大長度 --> <p>Min Length Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.minlength}}</p> <p>Max Length Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.maxlength}}</p> <!-- 只匹配小寫字母 --> <p>Pattern Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.pattern}}</p> <!-- 驗證合法 --> <p>Element Valid: {{myForm.sample.$valid}}</p> </div> </form></div><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">// define a module named exampleAppangular.module("exampleApp", []) // define a controller named defaultCtrl .controller('defaultCtrl', function ($scope) { $scope.requireValue = true; $scope.matchPattern = new RegExp("^[a-z]"); })</script></body></html>
2.挑選清單
<!DOCTYPE><!-- use module --><html ng-app="exampleApp"><head> <title>Angular Directive</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <style> </style></head><body><div class="panel" id="todoPanel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl"> <form name="myForm" novalidate="novalidate"> <div class="well"> <div class="form-group"> <label>Selection an action: </label> <!-- 遍曆列表 按照item.place排序 item.id as item.action 改變選項值--> <!-- ng-options="item.id as item.action group by item.place for item in todos" --> <select ng-model="selectValue" ng-options="item.id as item.action group by item.place for item in todos"> <option value="" class="">(Pick One)</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="well"> <p>Selected: {{selectValue || "None"}}</p> </div> </form></div><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">// define a module named exampleAppangular.module("exampleApp", []) // define a controller named defaultCtrl .controller('defaultCtrl', function ($scope) { // 模型資料 $scope.todos = [ { id : 100, place : "School", action : "play ball", complete : false }, { id : 200, place : "Home", action : "eating", complete : false }, { id : 300, place : "Home", action : "watch TV", complete : true } ]; })</script></body></html>
以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所協助，也希望大家多多支援雲棲社區。
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