一、tomcat簡介
Tomcat伺服器是一個免費的開放原始碼的Web應用伺服器，屬於輕量級應用伺服器，在中小型系統和並發訪問使用者不是很多的場合下被普遍使用，是開發和調試JSP程式的首選。
Tomcat提供了一個Jasper編譯器用以將JSP編譯成對應的Servlet。TomcatServlet引擎通常與Apache或者其他Web伺服器一起工作。除了用於開發過程中的調試以及那些對速度和交易處理只有很小要求的使用者，很少會將Tomcat單獨作為Web伺服器。但隨著版本的更新，正有越來越多的使用者將其單獨作為Web伺服器用以那些對速度和可靠性有較高要求的環境中。由於Tomcat是使用Java開發的，所以它可以運行在任何一個裝有JVM的不同作業系統之上。
二、實驗環境
系統內容：centos6.4-i386
jdk:jdk-7u40-linux-i586.rpm
tomcat:apache-tomcat-7.0.42
nginx:tengine-1.5.1
Apache：httpd-2.4.2
三、搭建實驗環境
1.安裝jdk
#rpm -ivh jdk-7u40-linux-i586.rpm#vim /etc/profile.d/java.shexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latestexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh# java -version
2.安裝tomcat
# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.33.tar.gz -C /usr/local/# cd /usr/local/# ln -s apache-tomcat-7.0.33 tomcat# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.shexport CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcatexport PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
添加服務指令碼
[root@stu_yxm18 ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat#!/bin/sh# Tomcat init script for Linux.## chkconfig: 2345 96 14JAVA_OPTS='-Xms64m -Xmx128m'JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latestCATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcatexport JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOMEexec $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh $*
啟動tomcat
[root@stu_yxm18 ~]# service tomcat startUsing CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcatUsing CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcatUsing CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/tempUsing JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latestUsing CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
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註：apache、nginx的安裝在此不做示範，強烈建議編譯安裝！！！
四、配置tomcat運行一個簡單的jsp程式
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/*****備份主設定檔*****# cp server.xml server.xml.bak# vim server.xml******修改主設定檔如下***********添加一個虛擬機器主機*****<Host name="www.yxm.com" appBase="/usr/local/tomcat/yxmtctest"unpaclWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"prefix="www.yxm_access_log." suffix=".txt"pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /><Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/yxmtctest" /></Host>******修改服務連接埠為80*****<Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"connectionTimeout="20000"redirectPort="8443" />******更改預設虛擬機器主機：注意前後對應*****<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.yxm.com">
提供一個jsp程式
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/#mkdir yxmtctest#[root@stu_yxm18 tomcat]# cd yxmtctest/#mkdir -p WEB-INF/{class,lib}#vim index.jsp<%@ page language="java" %><html><head><title>TomcatA</title></head><body><h1><font color="red">TomcatA </font></h1><table align="centre" border="1"><tr><td>Session ID</td><% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %><td><%= session.getId() %></td></tr><tr><td>Created on</td><td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td></tr></table></body></html>#service tomcat stop #註：tomcat不支援restart#service tomcat start
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五、Apache做反向 Proxy，代理後端tomcat
編譯安裝httpd-2.4.2
#tar xf httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2#ln -sv httpd-2.4.2 httpd#cd httpd#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp#make && make install
修改主設定檔
# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.confInclude /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.conf# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.confProxyVia OnProxyRequests OffProxyPreserveHost Off<Proxy *>Order allow,denyAllow from all</Proxy>ProxyPass / ajp://172.16.15.23:8009/ProxyPassReverse / ajp://172.16.15.23:8009/
注釋：
<1>ProxyVia{On|Off|Full|Block}：用於控制在http首部是否使用Via；On表示每個請求和響應報文均添加Via。
<2>ProxyRequests{On|Off}：是否開啟apache正向 Proxy的功能。
<3>ProxyPreserveHost{On|Off}：如果啟用此功能，代理會將使用者請求報文中的Host:行發送給後端的伺服器，而不再使用ProxyPass指定的伺服器位址。如果想在反向 Proxy中支援虛擬機器主機，則需要開啟此項。
<4>ProxyPass/ajp://172.16.15.23:8009/#####使用的是ajp協議
<5>ProxyPassReverse/ajp://172.16.15.23:8009/
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六、Apache+tomcat基於mod_proxy模組構建tomcat負載平衡叢集
# vim /etc/httpd/extra/mod_proxy.confProxyVia OffProxyRequests OffProxyPreserveHost Off<Proxy balancer://yxm>BalancerMember ajp://172.16.15.18:8009 loadfactor=1BalancerMember ajp://172.16.15.23:8009 loadfactor=1ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic</Proxy>ProxyPass / balancer://yxm/ stickysession=JSESSIONIDProxyPassReverse / balancer://yxm/
loadfactor=1#權重
ProxySetlbmethod=bytraffic#調度演算法
在另一個tomcat節點上添加服務：主設定檔完全一樣，為驗證負載平衡效果jsp程式不一樣。
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七、tengine+tomcat實現web動靜分離
註：tengine的安裝在此不示範編譯安裝）！！！
修改nginx主設定檔
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.confuser nginx nginx;worker_processes 2;worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;#error_log logs/error.log;#pid logs/nginx.pid;events {use epoll;worker_connections 51200;}http {include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log logs/access.log main;client_max_body_size 20m;client_header_buffer_size 16k;large_client_header_buffers 4 16k;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 65;gzip on;gzip_min_length 1k;gzip_buffers 4 16k;gzip_proxied any;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_comp_level 3;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;gzip_vary on;proxy_temp_path /tmp/proxy_temp;proxy_cache_path /tmp/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:500m inactive=1d max_size=3g;proxy_connect_timeout 50;proxy_read_timeout 600;proxy_send_timeout 600;proxy_buffer_size 128k;proxy_buffers 16 256k;proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k;proxy_temp_file_write_size 1024m;proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404 http_502 http_504;server {listen 80;server_name www.yxm.com ;access_log logs/host.access.log main;location / {proxy_pass http://172.16.15.14;}location ~* \.(|html|htm|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp|swf|ico)$ {proxy_pass http://172.16.15.18;}location ~* \.(jsp|css|do|php)$ {proxy_pass http://172.16.15.23;}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location = /50x.html {root html;}}
重啟nginx服務
八、Apache+tomcat實現session共用
配置後端tomcat伺服器IP：172.16.15.18
# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.yxm.com"> #注意添加的位置<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"channelSendOptions="8"><Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/><Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"><Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"address="228.15.15.15" #組播地址，兩個節點一定要保持一致port="45564"frequency="500"dropTime="3000"/><Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"address="172.16.15.18" #IP地址，可以使用autoport="4000"autoBind="100"selectorTimeout="5000"maxThreads="6"/><Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"><Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/></Sender><Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/><Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/></Channel><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"filter=""/><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/><Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"watchEnabled="false"/><ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/><ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/></Cluster>
在/usr/local/tomcat/yxmtctest/WEB-INF/建立web.xml檔案
vim/usr/local/tomcat/yxmtctest/WEB-INF/web.xml
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaeehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"version="3.0"><distributable/></web-app>~
將以上配置複製到172.16.15.23tomcat節點上注意修改IP地址
#scp /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 172.16.15.23:/usr/local/tomcat/conf#scp /usr/local/tomcat/yxmtctest/WEB-INF/web.xml 172.16.15.23:/usr/local/tomcat/yxmtctest/WEB-INF/#server tomcat stop#server tomcat start
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看以看到兩個SessionID完全一樣！！！Session共用成功
本文出自 “雲端俯瞰” 部落格，請務必保留此出處http://dreamwolf.blog.51cto.com/6365503/1304987
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