標籤:style blog http ar io color os sp for
在WPF中,許多控制項都自動整合了固有的命令集。比如文字框TextBox就提供了複製(Copy),粘貼(Paste),裁切(Cut),撤消(Undo)和重做(Redo)命令等。
WPF提供常用應用程式所用的命令集,常用的命令集包括:ApplicationCommands, ComponentCommands, NavigationCommands, MediaCommands和EditingCommands。
ApplicationCommands(應用程式命令): CancelPrint:取消列印 Close:關閉 ContextMenu:操作功能表 Copy:複製 CorrectionList: Gets the value that represents the Correction List command. Cut:剪下 Delete:刪除 Find:尋找 Help:協助 New:建立 NotACommand:不是命令,被忽略 Open:開啟 Paste:粘貼 Print:列印 PrintPreview:預覽列印 Properties:屬性 Redo:重做 Replace:取代 Save:儲存 SaveAs:另存新檔 SelectAll:選擇所有的 Stop:停止 Undo:撤消
ComponentCommands(組件命令): ExtendSelection:後接Down/Left/Right/Up, 比如:ExtendSelectionDown(Shift+Down,Extend Selection Down),ExtendSelectionLeft等 Move:後接Down/Left/Right/Up, 如:MoveDown MoveFocus:後接Down/Forward/Back/Up, 如:MoveFocusDown MoveFocusPage:後接Down/Up,如:MoveFocusPageUp MoveTo:後接End/Home/PageDown/PageUp,比如:MoveToPageDown ScrollByLine ScrollPage:後接Down/Left/Right/Up,比如:ScrollPageLeft SelectTo:End/Home/PageDown/PageUp,比如:SelectToEnd
NavigationCommands(導航命令): Browse瀏覽: 後接Back/Forward/Home/Stop, 比如:BrowseBack 縮放顯示:DecreaseZoom, IncreaseZoom, Zoom Favorites(收藏) 頁面:FirstPage, LastPage, PreviousPage, NextPage,GoToPage NavigateJournal Refresh(重新整理) Search(搜尋)
MediaCommands(多媒體控制命令): Treble高音:DecreaseTreble,IncreaseTreble Bass低音:BoostBass,DecreaseBass,IncreaseBass Channel頻道:ChannelDown,ChannelUp MicrophoneVolume麥克風音量大小:DecreaseMicrophoneVolume,IncreaseMicrophoneVolume,MuteMicrophoneVolume ToggleMicrophoneOnOff:麥克風開關 Volume音量: DecreaseVolume,IncreaseVolume,MuteVolume Rewind, FastForward(回放,快進) Track軌道:PreviousTrack,NextTrack [上一段(節)] Play,Pause,Stop,Record(播放,暫停,停止,錄製) TogglePlayPause Select選擇
EditingCommands(編輯/排版類命令): Align對齊:AlignCenter,AlignJustify,AlignLeft,AlignRight(置中,撐滿,靠左對齊,靠右對齊) Backspace退格 TabForward,TabBackward(Tab前縮,Tab向後) FontSize字型大小:DecreaseFontSize,IncreaseFontSize Indentation縮排:DecreaseIndentation, IncreaseIndentation Delete刪除: Delete選中部分,DeleteNextWord:刪除後一字,DeletePreviousWord:刪除前一字 EnterLineBreak:換行 EnterParagraphBreak:換段 CorrectSpellingError/IgnoreSpellingError:糾正/忽略拼字錯誤 MoveUpByLine,MoveDownByLine: 上/下移一行, MoveUpByPage,MoveDownByPage: 上/下移一頁 MoveUpByParagraph,MoveDownByParagraph: 上/下移一段 MoveLeftByCharacter/MoveRightByCharacter:左/右移一字元 MoveLeftByWord/MoveRightByWord 左/右移一詞 MoveToDocumentStart/MoveToDocumentEnd:到文章開頭/結尾 MoveToLineStart/MoveToLineEnd:到一行的開頭/結尾 SelectUpByLine,SelectDownByLine:向上/下選一行 SelectUpByPage,SelectDownByPage:向上/下選一頁 SelectUpByParagraph,SelectDownByParagraph:向上/下選一段 SelectLeftByCharacter,SelectRightByCharacter:向左/右選中一字 SelectLeftByWord,SelectRightByWord:向左/右選中一詞 SelectToDocumentStart,SelectToDocumentEnd: 選中到篇頭/篇尾 SelectToLineStart/SelectToLineEnd:選中到行首/行尾 ToggleBold, ToggleItalic, ToggleUnderline(加粗,斜體,底線) ToggleBullets, ToggleNumbering(列表:加點,加數字) ToggleInsert:插入 ToggleSuperscript,ToggleSubscript(上標字,下標字)
先來舉一個簡單的例子:
XAML代碼: <StackPanel> <Menu> <MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Paste" /> </Menu> <TextBox /> </StackPanel>
C#代碼: StackPanel mainStackPanel = new StackPanel(); TextBox pasteTextBox = new TextBox(); Menu stackPanelMenu = new Menu(); MenuItem pasteMenuItem = new MenuItem();
stackPanelMenu.Items.Add(pasteMenuItem); mainStackPanel.Children.Add(stackPanelMenu); mainStackPanel.Children.Add(pasteTextBox);
pasteMenuItem.Command = ApplicationCommands.Paste;
上面代碼示範了將對文字框設定為焦點時,功能表項目可用,點擊功能表項目時,將執行粘貼命令。
下面列出關於Command的四個概念和四個小問題: 1、WPF中Command(命令)的四個概念: (1)命令command:要執行的動作。 (2)命令源command source:發出命令的對象(繼承自ICommandSource)。 (3)命令目標command target:執行命令的主體 (4)命令綁定command binding:映射命令邏輯的對象 比如在上面樣本中,粘貼(Paste)就是命令(command), 功能表項目(MenuItem)是命令源(command source), 文字框(TextBox)是命令目標對象(command target), 命令綁定到command binding文字框(TextBox)控制項上。
提示:WPF中的命令都繼承自ICommand介面。ICommand暴露兩個方法:Execute方法、 CanExecute方法和一個事件:CanExecuteChanged。 繼承自ICommandSource的有:ButtonBase, MenuItem, Hyperlink和InputBinding。 而Button,GridViewColumnHeader,ToggleButton,RepeatButton繼承自ButtonBase。System.Windows.Input.KeyBinding和MouseBinding繼承自InputBinding。
2、四個小問題: (1)如何指定Command Sources? XAML:(請將“ApplicationCommands.Properties”換成對應的ApplicationCommands屬性值,比如:ApplicationCommands.Copy) <StackPanel> <StackPanel.ContextMenu> <ContextMenu> <MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Properties" /> </ContextMenu> </StackPanel.ContextMenu> </StackPanel>
同等的C#代碼: StackPanel cmdSourcePanel = new StackPanel(); ContextMenu cmdSourceContextMenu = new ContextMenu(); MenuItem cmdSourceMenuItem = new MenuItem();
cmdSourcePanel.ContextMenu = cmdSourceContextMenu; cmdSourcePanel.ContextMenu.Items.Add(cmdSourceMenuItem);
cmdSourceMenuItem.Command = ApplicationCommands.Properties;
(2)如何指定快速鍵?
XAML代碼: <Window.InputBindings> <KeyBinding Key="B" Modifiers="Control" Command="ApplicationCommands.Open" /> </Window.InputBindings>
C#代碼: KeyGesture OpenKeyGesture = new KeyGesture( Key.B, ModifierKeys.Control);
KeyBinding OpenCmdKeybinding = new KeyBinding(ApplicationCommands.Open,OpenKeyGesture); this.InputBindings.Add(OpenCmdKeybinding); //也可以這樣(下面一句與上面兩句的效果等同): //ApplicationCommands.Open.InputGestures.Add(OpenKeyGesture); (3)如何Command Binding? XAML代碼: <Window.CommandBindings> <CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.Open" Executed="OpenCmdExecuted" CanExecute="OpenCmdCanExecute"/> </Window.CommandBindings>
C#代碼: CommandBinding OpenCmdBinding = new CommandBinding( ApplicationCommands.Open, OpenCmdExecuted, OpenCmdCanExecute);
this.CommandBindings.Add(OpenCmdBinding);
具體的事件處理: C#代碼: void OpenCmdExecuted(object target, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("The command has been invoked."); }
void OpenCmdCanExecute(object sender, CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs e) { e.CanExecute = true; }
(4)如何設定Command Target並進行綁定Command Binding? XAML代碼: <StackPanel> <Menu> <MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Paste" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=mainTextBox}" /> </Menu> <TextBox Name="mainTextBox"/> </StackPanel> C#代碼: StackPanel mainStackPanel = new StackPanel(); TextBox mainTextBox= new TextBox(); Menu stackPanelMenu = new Menu(); MenuItem pasteMenuItem = new MenuItem();
stackPanelMenu.Items.Add(pasteMenuItem); mainStackPanel.Children.Add(stackPanelMenu); mainStackPanel.Children.Add(mainTextBox);
pasteMenuItem.Command = ApplicationCommands.Paste;
以上例子全是單條命令綁定的情形,事實上,你也可以多個按鈕多條命令綁定到同一控制項上,比如: <StackPanel xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Orientation="Horizontal" Height="25"> <Button Command="Cut" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=textBoxInput}" Content="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=Command.Text}"/> <Button Command="Copy" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=textBoxInput}" Content="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=Command.Text}"/> <Button Command="Paste" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=textBoxInput}" Content="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=Command.Text}"/> <Button Command="Undo" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=textBoxInput}" Content="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=Command.Text}"/> <Button Command="Redo" CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=textBoxInput}" Content="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}, Path=Command.Text}"/> <TextBox x:Name="textBoxInput" Width="200"/> </StackPanel>
最後,貼出一個完整點的例子:
XAML代碼: <Window xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" x:Class="WPFCommand.Window1" Title="MenuItemCommandTask" x:Name="Window" Width="500" Height="400" > <Window.CommandBindings> <CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.Open" Executed="OpenCmdExecuted" CanExecute="OpenCmdCanExecute"/> <CommandBinding Command="Help" CanExecute="HelpCanExecute" Executed="HelpExecuted" /> </Window.CommandBindings> <Window.InputBindings> <KeyBinding Command="Help" Key="F2" /> <KeyBinding Command="NotACommand" Key="F1" /> </Window.InputBindings> <Canvas> <Menu DockPanel.Dock="Top"> <MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Paste" Width="75" /> </Menu> <TextBox BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="2" TextWrapping="Wrap" Text="這個TextBox未成為焦點之前,粘貼菜單不可用。" Width="476" Height="41" Canvas.Left="8" Canvas.Top="25"/> <Button Command="ApplicationCommands.Open" Height="32" Width="223" Content="測試彈出對話方塊" Canvas.Left="8" Canvas.Top="70"/> </Canvas> </Window>
對應的C#代碼: using System; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Data; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Animation; using System.Windows.Navigation;
namespace WPFCommand { public partial class Window1 { public Window1() { this.InitializeComponent(); } void OpenCmdExecuted(object target, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e) { MessageBox.Show("測試彈出對話方塊,命令已執行!"); }
void OpenCmdCanExecute(object sender, CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs e) { e.CanExecute = true; }
void HelpCanExecute(object sender, CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs e) { e.CanExecute = true; }
void HelpExecuted(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e) { System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("http://www.BrawDraw.com/"); } } }
你不妨試試在程式執行之後,按下F1或F2試試效果,是不是按F2時瀏覽器指向"http://www.BrawDraw.com/",而按F1時沒有任何效果?這是因為這兩句: <KeyBinding Command="Help" Key="F2" /> <KeyBinding Command="NotACommand" Key="F1" /> 當按F2時,Help命令執行;當按F1時,由於Command="NotACommand",即視窗忽略此命令的執行。
轉載於:http://blog.csdn.net/johnsuna/article/details/1770602
ApplicationCommands用於表示應用程式程式員經常遇到的常見命令,類似於ctrl+c