標籤:冗餘 資料 cto 不能 end 接收 sha group desc
前言
開發一個app時,常用Activity和Fragment,由於操作方便Fragment越來越受歡迎,這樣就避免不了Activity和Fragment、Fragment和Fragment之間的通訊,我們知道Fragment和Fragment之間不能直接進行通訊的,而是通過Activity進行通訊。那麼Activity和Fragment有幾種通訊方式呢,它們的優缺點又是什嗎?一 常用的Activity和Fragment幾種通訊方式1 通過Handle在Activity建立一個Handle機制執行個體,然後在建立Fragment的通過構造方法把Handle執行個體傳遞過去,這樣Fragment就可以往Activity傳送資料了。但這樣如下缺點:(1)Activity和Fragment之間耦合性增大;(2)Activity處理後的結果不能即時反饋給Fragment;(3)提高了記憶體流失風險;2 使用static變數缺點很明確增大記憶體消耗;3 使用廣播分別在Activity和Fragment中註冊廣播,這樣就可以實現通訊了。其缺點:(1)效能差,有延遲,使用者體驗就會差;(2)一般使用的是標準廣播,一個發送,多個接收者,大材小用,效能差;(3)代碼冗餘;(4)傳播的資料有限;4 EventBus 、rxBus(俗稱萬能油)其使用方法參考官方文檔,其優點就是實用起來簡單方便,其缺點也很明顯:(1)EventBus 、rxBus其內部使用的是反射機制,那麼其效能就會降低;(2)代碼維護困難(不熟悉的項目代碼的新人很難找到實現的方法在是如何調用的);(3)資料返回困難,它們是單向傳遞;5 普通介面在Fragment寫一個介面,讓Activity去實現這個介面,通過這個介面把Activity與Fragment綁定在一起,這樣Activity和Fragment即時進行通訊了,其實Google推薦就是這麼乾的,由於每個Fragment都寫一個介面,就會造成代碼冗餘;如果Fragment少的話還好,多的話,Activity實現多個介面,顯得Activity頭部很大,況且介面的命名也是一個問題;二 萬能介面如果在5的基礎能夠解決代碼冗餘、介面命名就好了,我們知道一個函數包括函數名、函數體、參數、傳回值,那麼就可以通過搭建一個簡單的架構實現上述問題。1 建立基類
public abstract class Function { /** 方法名 */ public String mFunctionName ; public Function (String funName){ this.mFunctionName = funName; }}
2 建立無(有)參數無(有)四類
/** * 無參無傳回值 * <h3>Description</h3> * TODO * <h3>Author</h3> luzhenbang * <h3>Date</h3> 2018/1/4 16:13 * <h3>Copyright</h3> Copyright (c)2018 Shenzhen TL Co., Ltd. Inc. All rights reserved. */public abstract class FunctionNoParamNoResult extends Function { public FunctionNoParamNoResult(String funName) { super(funName); } public abstract void function();}
/** * 有參無傳回值 * <h3>Description</h3> * TODO * <h3>Author</h3> luzhenbang * <h3>Date</h3> 2018/1/4 16:13 * <h3>Copyright</h3> Copyright (c)2018 Shenzhen TL Co., Ltd. Inc. All rights reserved. */public abstract class FunctionWithParamOnly<Param> extends Function { public FunctionWithParamOnly(String funName) { super(funName); } public abstract void function(Param param);}
/** * 有參有傳回值 * <h3>Description</h3> * TODO * <h3>Author</h3> luzhenbang * <h3>Date</h3> 2018/1/4 16:13 * <h3>Copyright</h3> Copyright (c)2018 Shenzhen TL Co., Ltd. Inc. All rights reserved. */public abstract class FunctionWithParamWithResult<Result,Param> extends Function { public FunctionWithParamWithResult(String funName) { super(funName); } public abstract Result function(Param param);}
/** * 無參有傳回值 * <h3>Description</h3> * TODO * <h3>Author</h3> luzhenbang * <h3>Date</h3> 2018/1/4 16:13 * <h3>Copyright</h3> Copyright (c)2018 Shenzhen TL Co., Ltd. Inc. All rights reserved. */public abstract class FunctionWithResultOnly<Result> extends Function { public FunctionWithResultOnly(String funName) { super(funName); } public abstract Result function();}
3 建立管理器類
public class FunctionManager {private static FunctionManager instance = null; public static final String TAG = FunctionManager.class.getSimpleName() + "-------->"; /**容器,用來儲存方法名字 key 對應的方法名 value 對應的是 參數返回對象*/ private HashMap<String,FunctionWithParamWithResult> mFunctionWithParamWithResultHashMap = null; private HashMap<String,FunctionWithParamOnly> mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap = null; private HashMap<String,FunctionWithResultOnly> mFunctionWithResultOnlyHashMap = null; private HashMap<String,FunctionNoParamNoResult> mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap = null; private FunctionManager() {mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap = new HashMap<>(); mFunctionWithParamWithResultHashMap = new HashMap<>(); mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap = new HashMap<>(); mFunctionWithResultOnlyHashMap = new HashMap<>(); }public static FunctionManager getInstance() {if (null == instance){instance = new FunctionManager(); }return instance; }/** * 添加無參無傳回值的方法 * @return */ public FunctionManager addFunction(FunctionNoParamNoResult function){mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap.put(function.mFunctionName,function); return this; }/** * 添加有傳回值的方法 * @return */ public FunctionManager addFunction(FunctionWithResultOnly function){mFunctionWithResultOnlyHashMap.put(function.mFunctionName,function); return this; }/** * 添加有參數的方法 * @return */ public FunctionManager addFunction(FunctionWithParamOnly function){mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap.put(function.mFunctionName,function); return this; }/** * 添加有參有傳回值的方法 * @return */ public FunctionManager addFunction(FunctionWithParamWithResult function){mFunctionWithParamWithResultHashMap.put(function.mFunctionName,function); return this; }/** * 調用無傳回值無參數的方法 * @param funName */ public void invokeNoAll (String funName) throws NullPointerException {if (TextUtils.isEmpty(funName)){ Log.e(TAG,"funName is null !"); }else {if ( null != mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap){ FunctionNoParamNoResult function = mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap.get(funName); if (null != function){ function.function(); }else { Log.e(TAG,"function is null !"); } }else {throw new NullPointerException("mFunctionNoParamNoResultHashMap can not be null ,please first init FunctionManager !"); } } }/** * 調用有參數的方法 * @param funName */ public <Param> void invokeWithParamOnly (String funName,Param param) throws NullPointerException {if (TextUtils.isEmpty(funName)){ Log.e(TAG,"funName is null !"); }else {if ( null != mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap){ FunctionWithParamOnly<Param> function = mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap.get(funName); if (null != function){ function.function(param); }else { Log.e(TAG,"function is null !"); } }else {throw new NullPointerException("mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap can not be null ,please first init FunctionManager !"); } } }/** * 調用有傳回值的方法 * @param funName */ public <Result> Result invokeWithResultOnly (String funName, Class<Result> c) throws NullPointerException {if (TextUtils.isEmpty(funName)){ Log.e(TAG,"funName is null !"); }else {if ( null != mFunctionWithResultOnlyHashMap){ FunctionWithResultOnly function = mFunctionWithResultOnlyHashMap.get(funName); if (null != function){if ( null != c){return c.cast(function.function()); }else {return (Result) function.function(); } }else { Log.e(TAG,"function is null !"); } }else {throw new NullPointerException("mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap can not be null ,please first init FunctionManager !"); } }return null; }/** * 調用有參數有傳回值的方法 * @param funName */ public <Result,Param> Result invokeWithAll (String funName, Class<Result> c,Param param) throws NullPointerException {if (TextUtils.isEmpty(funName)){ Log.e(TAG,"funName is null !"); }else {if ( null != mFunctionWithParamWithResultHashMap){ FunctionWithParamWithResult<Result,Param> function = mFunctionWithParamWithResultHashMap.get(funName); if (null != function){if ( null != c){return c.cast(function.function(param)); }else {return function.function(param); } }else { Log.e(TAG,"function is null !"); } }else {throw new NullPointerException("mFunctionWithParamsOnlyHashMap can not be null ,please first init FunctionManager !"); } }return null; }}
4 在Activity寫一個方法
public void setFunctionForFragment(String tag){if (TextUtils.isEmpty(tag)){ Log.e(MainActivity.class.getSimpleName(),"tag is null !"); return; } BaseFragment fragment = (BaseFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(tag); FunctionManager functionManager = FunctionManager.getInstance(); functionManager.addFunction(new FunctionNoParamNoResult(FunctionNoParamNoResult) {@Override public void function() { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "無參無傳回值", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); functionManager.addFunction(new FunctionWithResultOnly<String>(FunctionWithResultOnly) {@Override public String function() {return "無參有傳回值"; } }); functionManager.addFunction(new FunctionWithParamOnly<String>(FunctionWithParamOnly) {@Override public void function(String o) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, o, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); functionManager.addFunction(new FunctionWithParamWithResult<String,String>(FunctionWithParamWithResult) {@Override public String function(String o) {return o; } }); fragment.setFunctionManager(functionManager);}
5 編輯一個Fragment基類(實用Fragment的時候直接整合該類就可以了),並綁定上面建立的介面
public class BaseFragment extends Fragment{public FunctionManager mFunctionManager; private MainActivity mainActivity; public void setFunctionManager(FunctionManager mFunctionManager) {this.mFunctionManager = mFunctionManager; }@Override public void onAttach(Context context) {super.onAttach(context); if (context instanceof MainActivity) {mainActivity = (MainActivity) context; mainActivity.setFunctionForFragment(getTag()); } else {throw new RuntimeException(context.toString() + " must implement OnFragmentInteractionListener"); } }@Override public void onDetach() {super.onDetach(); mainActivity = null; }}
6 繼承BaseFragment
public class NoParamNoResultFragment extends BaseFragment {private Handler mHandler; public NoParamNoResultFragment(Handler handler) {// Required empty public constructor this.mHandler = handler; }@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); if (getArguments() != null) { } }@Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {// Inflate the layout for this fragment View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_no_param_no_result, container, false); view.findViewById(R.id.txt_handle).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Override public void onClick(View v) { Message message = mHandler.obtainMessage(); message.what = 0x123; message.obj = "handle 通訊"; mHandler.sendMessage(message); } }); view.findViewById(R.id.txt_noALl).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Override public void onClick(View v) {mFunctionManager.invokeNoAll(MainActivity.FunctionNoParamNoResult); } }); view.findViewById(R.id.txt_result).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Override public void onClick(View v) {// mFunctionManager.invokeNoAll(MainActivity.FunctionNoParamNoResult); String result = mFunctionManager.invokeWithResultOnly(MainActivity.FunctionWithResultOnly,String.class); Toast.makeText(getActivity(), result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); view.findViewById(R.id.txt_param).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Override public void onClick(View v) {mFunctionManager.invokeWithParamOnly(MainActivity.FunctionWithParamOnly,"有參無傳回值"); } }); view.findViewById(R.id.txt_withAll).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Override public void onClick(View v) { String result = mFunctionManager.invokeWithAll(MainActivity.FunctionWithParamWithResult,String.class,"有參有傳回值"); Toast.makeText(getActivity(), result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); return view; }}
說明,上述在點擊控制項的時候,會觸發在Activity添加的方法,這樣就可以實現Activity與Fragment即時通訊,近而實現Fragment之間的通訊
https://gitee.com/lzbgit/AppInterface
架構師成長之路-基於android fragment通訊的物件導向的萬能介面