L3G4200D陀螺儀有點貴,好像要130左右,我買了散件回來自己焊接的,居然一次焊成功了,以前重來沒焊過貼片工藝的板子,L3G4200D晶片太小了,不用鑷子都拿不出,回想一下焊接過程還真的是很驚險刺激。來張焊好的作品:
其實這個板子和一個一元硬幣差不多大,焊接手法還不錯吧,哈。。
和ANDRIOD接線方式如下:
測試代碼:
#include <Wire.h>
#define CTRL_REG1 0x20
#define CTRL_REG2 0x21
#define CTRL_REG3 0x22
#define CTRL_REG4 0x23
#define CTRL_REG5 0x24
int L3G4200D_Address = 105; //I2C address of the L3G4200D
int x;
int y;
int z;
void setup(){
Wire.begin();
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("starting up L3G4200D");
setupL3G4200D(2000); // Configure L3G4200 - 250, 500 or 2000 deg/sec
delay(1500); //wait for the sensor to be ready
}
void loop(){
getGyroValues(); // This will update x, y, and z with new values
Serial.print("X:");
Serial.print(x);
Serial.print(" Y:");
Serial.print(y);
Serial.print(" Z:");
Serial.println(z);
delay(100); //Just here to slow down the serial to make it more readable
}
void getGyroValues(){
byte xMSB = readRegister(L3G4200D_Address, 0x29);
byte xLSB = readRegister(L3G4200D_Address, 0x28);
x = ((xMSB << 8) | xLSB);
byte yMSB = readRegister(L3G4200D_Address, 0x2B);
byte yLSB = readRegister(L3G4200D_Address, 0x2A);
y = ((yMSB << 8) | yLSB);
byte zMSB = readRegister(L3G4200D_Address, 0x2D);
byte zLSB = readRegister(L3G4200D_Address, 0x2C);
z = ((zMSB << 8) | zLSB);
}
int setupL3G4200D(int scale){
//From Jim Lindblom of Sparkfun's code
// Enable x, y, z and turn off power down:
writeRegister(L3G4200D_Address, CTRL_REG1, 0b00001111);
// If you'd like to adjust/use the HPF, you can edit the line below to configure CTRL_REG2:
writeRegister(L3G4200D_Address, CTRL_REG2, 0b00000000);
// Configure CTRL_REG3 to generate data ready interrupt on INT2
// No interrupts used on INT1, if you'd like to configure INT1
// or INT2 otherwise, consult the datasheet:
writeRegister(L3G4200D_Address, CTRL_REG3, 0b00001000);
// CTRL_REG4 controls the full-scale range, among other things:
if(scale == 250){
writeRegister(L3G4200D_Address, CTRL_REG4, 0b00000000);
}else if(scale == 500){
writeRegister(L3G4200D_Address, CTRL_REG4, 0b00010000);
}else{
writeRegister(L3G4200D_Address, CTRL_REG4, 0b00110000);
}
// CTRL_REG5 controls high-pass filtering of outputs, use it
// if you'd like:
writeRegister(L3G4200D_Address, CTRL_REG5, 0b00000000);
}
void writeRegister(int deviceAddress, byte address, byte val) {
Wire.beginTransmission(deviceAddress); // start transmission to device
Wire.write(address); // send register address
Wire.write(val); // send value to write
Wire.endTransmission(); // end transmission
}
int readRegister(int deviceAddress, byte address){
int v;
Wire.beginTransmission(deviceAddress);
Wire.write(address); // register to read
Wire.endTransmission();
Wire.requestFrom(deviceAddress, 1); // read a byte
while(!Wire.available()) {
// waiting
}
v = Wire.read();
return v;
}
upload到andriod就可以通過COM口查看陀螺儀的測量結果了:
starting up L3G4200D
X:5 Y:0 Z:6
X:6 Y:1 Z:6
X:3 Y:1 Z:6
X:0 Y:2 Z:7
X:6 Y:0 Z:6
X:3 Y:0 Z:10
X:2 Y:0 Z:9
X:1 Y:0 Z:7
X:3 Y:3 Z:6
X:1 Y:0 Z:9
X:4 Y:1 Z:9
X:9 Y:1 Z:8
X:3 Y:1 Z:7
X:6 Y:1 Z:6
X:4 Y:1 Z:11
X:8 Y:0 Z:10
X:8 Y:0 Z:8
X:6 Y:1 Z:11
X:6 Y:1 Z:8
X:8 Y:1 Z:11
X:2 Y:0 Z:7
X:1 Y:1 Z:10
X:6 Y:1 Z:4
X:7 Y:1 Z:9
X:5 Y:2 Z:9
X:4 Y:9 Z:-5
X:14 Y:-5 Z:30
X:4 Y:0 Z:7
X:2 Y:0 Z:0
X:8 Y:0 Z:8
X:4 Y:0 Z:12
X:3 Y:1 Z:9
X:5 Y:2 Z:9
X:5 Y:0 Z:6
從結果看陀螺儀靜止狀態下資料還是有點跳動,這樣就需要濾波,我準備配合加速度感應器利用卡爾曼濾波的方法來實現,目前尚在測試過程中。
下面是陀螺儀靜止放在案頭上的Z軸角速度波形圖:
陀螺儀運動中:
陀螺儀資料處理
陀螺儀的直接輸出值是相對靈敏軸的角速率,角速率對時間積分即可得到圍繞靈敏軸旋轉過的角度值。由於系統採用微控制器迴圈採樣程式擷取陀螺儀角速率資訊,即每隔一段很短的時間採樣一次,所以採用累加的方法實現積分的功能來計算角度值:
公式中angle n為陀螺儀採樣到第n次的角度值;angle (n-1)為陀螺儀第n-1次採樣時的角度值;gyro n 為陀螺儀的第n次採樣得到的瞬時角速率值;dt為主運行一遍所用時間。可見,用陀螺儀輸出值積分計算角度,要求處理器運算速度足夠快,採樣程式應盡量簡練,程式迴圈一遍所用時間dt越小,採樣頻率越高,最後積分得到的角度值才能越精確。
陀螺儀是用來測量角速度訊號的,通過對角速度積分,能得到角度值。但由於溫度變化、摩擦力和不穩定力矩等因素,陀螺儀會產成漂移誤差。而無論多麼小的常值漂移通過積分都會得到無限大的角度誤差。因而,也不能單獨使用陀螺儀作為本機器人傾角感應器。