標籤:python 筆記 函數
from math import sqrt #import the sqrt function only e.g. sqrt(25)from math import * #import all functions from math module e.g. sqrt(25)import math #import math module,and use the function via math.* e.g. math.sqrt(25)
def distance_from_zero(a): if(type(a)==int or type(a)==float): #the type function return the type of the parameter,and when compare with any type,don‘t round it with quotation mark return abs(a)
#分割數組letters = [‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘, ‘d‘, ‘e‘] slice = letters[1:3] #slice will get letters[1] and letters[2] ,but no letters[3]print sliceprint letters#根據指定值擷取索引animals = ["aardvark", "badger", "duck", "emu", "fennec fox"]duck_index = animals.index("duck") #在指定索引位置插入值animals.insert(duck_index,"cobra")#將指定數組值刪除.removebackpack = [‘xylophone‘, ‘dagger‘, ‘tent‘, ‘bread loaf‘]backpack.remove(‘dagger‘)#刪除數組元素的三個函數#1. n.pop(index)#n.pop(index) will remove the item at index from the list and return it to you:n = [1, 3, 5]n.pop(1) # Returns 3 (the item at index 1)print n # prints [1, 5]#2. n.remove(item) will remove the actual item if it finds it:n.remove(1) # Removes 1 from the list,NOT the item at index 1print n # prints [3, 5]#3. del(n[1]) is like .pop in that it will remove the item at the given index, but it won‘t return it:del(n[1]) # Doesn‘t return anythingprint n # prints [1, 5]#list數組的for迴圈start_list = [5, 3, 1, 2, 4]square_list = []for number in start_list: #依次從start_list取值存入變數number中 square_list.append( number ** 2 ) #對取出的值平方後追加給square_listsquare_list.sort() #對square_list排序print square_list#數組組成的數組n = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]]#將數組lists中的所有數組的值取出形成一個新的數組def flatten(lists): results=[] for numbers in lists: for number in numbers: results.append(number) return resultsprint flatten(n)
menu = {} # 建立一個空字典menu[‘Chicken Alfredo‘] = 14.50 #添加索引值對menu[‘Tomato and Eggs‘] = 11menu[‘Frid Apple‘] = 9.8menu[‘Tu Dou‘] = 16.5del menu[‘Frid Apple‘] #刪除索引值對menu[‘Tu Dou‘]=10 #修改key對應的值print "There are " + str(len(menu)) + " items on the menu." #取字典長度len(menu)print menu#字典中的索引值對的資料類型可以多種多樣inventory = { ‘gold‘ : 500, ‘pouch‘ : [‘flint‘, ‘twine‘, ‘gemstone‘], # Assigned a new list to ‘pouch‘ key ‘backpack‘ : [‘xylophone‘,‘dagger‘, ‘bedroll‘,‘bread loaf‘]}# Adding a key ‘burlap bag‘ and assigning a list to itinventory[‘burlap bag‘] = [‘apple‘, ‘small ruby‘, ‘three-toed sloth‘]# Sorting the list found under the key ‘pouch‘inventory[‘pouch‘].sort() # 添加一個索引值對,該索引值對的值為listinventory[‘pocket‘] = [‘seashell‘,‘strange berry‘,‘lint‘]# 字典中list數組的引用跟數組本身的引用基本沒有區別inventory[‘backpack‘].sort()inventory[‘backpack‘].remove(‘dagger‘)inventory[‘gold‘] = inventory[‘gold‘] + 50#字典中的for迴圈,與list一致webster = {"Aardvark" : "A star of a popular children‘s cartoon show.", "Baa" : "The sound a goat makes.", "Carpet": "Goes on the floor.", "Dab": "A small amount."}# 輸出webster中所有key的值for web in webster: print webster[web] # 字典中for迴圈的應用執行個體prices = { "banana": 4, "apple": 2, "orange": 1.5, "pear": 3} stock = { "banana": 6, "apple": 0, "orange": 32, "pear": 15} for key in prices : print key print "price: %s"%(prices[key]) #注意輸出字串的拼接 print "stock: %s"%(stock[key])###################################################################################### 小練習###################################################################################### lloyd = { #student lloyd "name": "Lloyd", "homework": [90.0, 97.0, 75.0, 92.0], "quizzes": [88.0, 40.0, 94.0], "tests": [75.0, 90.0]}alice = { #student alice "name": "Alice", "homework": [100.0, 92.0, 98.0, 100.0], "quizzes": [82.0, 83.0, 91.0], "tests": [89.0, 97.0]}tyler = { #student tyler "name": "Tyler", "homework": [0.0, 87.0, 75.0, 22.0], "quizzes": [0.0, 75.0, 78.0], "tests": [100.0, 100.0]}def average(numbers): #get the average of a list of numbers total = float(sum(numbers)) aver = total / len(numbers) return aver def get_average(student): #get the average grade of any student homework = average(student["homework"]) quizze = average(student["quizzes"]) test = average(student["tests"]) return 0.1 * homework + 0.3 * quizze + 0.6 * test def get_letter_grade(score): #get letter grade,like "A"/"B"/"C" if(score>=90): return "A" elif(score>=80): return "B" elif(score>=70): return "C" elif(score>=60): return "D" else: return "F"print get_average(lloyd) #get the average grade of lloyd#get the average class grade of all students in the classdef get_class_average(students): results=[] for student in students : results.append(get_average(student)) return average(results)class_average=get_class_average([lloyd,alice,tyler])print class_averageprint get_letter_grade(class_average)
#The range function has three different versions:#range(stop)#range(start, stop)#range(start, stop, step)#In all cases, the range() function returns a list of numbers from start up to (but not including) stop. Each item increases by step.#If omitted, start defaults to zero andstep defaults to one.range(6) # => [0,1,2,3,4,5]range(1,6) # => [1,2,3,4,5]range(1,6,3) # => [1,4]
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Python學習筆記之基本文法