BIOS 中斷呼叫

BIOS 中斷呼叫

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BIOS 中斷呼叫是一組功能，提供DOS程式與一些軟體（例如啟動程式）去使用IBM_PC相容機的BIOS的功能。一些作業系統在系統引導的時候也使用BIOS以檢測並初始化硬體資源。

目錄  [隱藏]  1中斷調用 2BIOS中斷向量表 3相關 4外部連結

[編輯]中斷調用

若要調用中斷，可以使用X86組合語言的INT指令。
例如，如下的x86組合語言指令可以使用BIOS的0x10中斷向螢幕列印一個字元。

mov ah, 0x0emov al, '!'int 0x10

[編輯]BIOS中斷向量表

中斷	描述
INT 00h	CPU: 除零錯,或商不合法時觸發
INT 01h	CPU: 單步陷阱,TF標記為開啟狀態時,每條指令執行後觸發
INT 02h	CPU: 非可屏蔽中斷, 如 系統自舉 時發生記憶體錯誤觸發。
INT 03h	CPU: 第一個未定義的中斷向量, 約定俗成僅用於偵錯工具
INT 04h	CPU: 算數溢出。通常由INTO指令在置溢出位時觸發。
INT 05h	在按下Shift-PrintScreen或BOUND指令檢測到範圍異常時觸發。
INT 06h	CPU: Called when the Undefined Opcode (invalid instruction) exception occurs. Usually installed by the operating system.
INT 07h	CPU: Called when an attempt was made to execute a floating-point instruction and no numeric coprocessor was available.
INT 08h	IRQ0: Implemented by the system timing component; called 18.2 times per second (once every 55 ms) by thePIC
INT 09h	IRQ1: Called after every key press and release (as well as during the time when a key is being held)
INT 0Ah	IRQ2:
INT 0Bh	IRQ3: Called by serial ports 2 and 4 (COM2/4) when in need of attention
INT 0Ch	IRQ4: Called by serial ports 1 and 3 (COM1/3) when in need of attention
INT 0Dh	IRQ5: Called by hard disk controller (PC/XT) or 2nd parallel port LPT2 (AT) when in need of attention
INT 0Eh	IRQ6: Called by floppy disk controller when in need of attention
INT 0Fh	IRQ7: Called by 1st parallel port LPT1 (printer) when in need of attention
INT 10h	顯示服務 - 由BIOS或作業系統設定以供軟體調用 AH=00h 設定顯示模式 AH=01h 設定遊標形態 AH=02h 設定遊標位置 AH=03h 擷取遊標位置與形態 AH=04h 擷取光筆位置 AH=05h 設定顯示頁 AH=06h 清除或捲軸畫面(上) AH=07h 清除或捲軸畫面(下) AH=08h 讀取遊標處字元與屬性 AH=09h 更改遊標處字元與屬性 AH=0Ah 更改遊標處字元 AH=0Bh 設定邊界顏色 AH=0Eh 在TTY模式下寫字元 AH=0Fh 取得目前顯示模式 AH=13h 寫字串
INT 11h	Installed by the BIOS; returns equipment list
INT 12h	Installed by the BIOS or operating system; returns Conventional Memory Size
INT 13h	低階磁碟服務; installed by the BIOS or operating system; called by software programs AH=00h Reset Disk Drives AH=01h Check Drive Status AH=02h Read Sectors From Drive AH=03h Write Sectors To Drive AH=04h Verifies Sectors On Drive AH=05h Format Track On Drive AH=08h Get Drive Parameters AH=09h Init Fixed Drive Parameters AH=0Ch Seek To Specified Track AH=0Dh Reset Fixed Disk Controller AH=15h Get Drive Type AH=16h Get Floppy Drive Media Change Status
INT 14h	Routines for communicating via the serial port. Used by software programs. AH=00h Serial Port Initialization AH=01h Transmit Character AH=02h Receive Character AH=03h Status
INT 15h	Miscellaneous (System services support routines) AH=4FH Keyboard Intercept AH=83H Event Wait AH=84H Read Joystick AH=85H Sysreq Key Callout AH=86H Wait AH=87H Move Block AH=88H Get Extended Memory Size AH=C0H Get System Parameters AH=C1H Get Extended BIOS Data Area Segment AH=C2H Pointing Device Functions AH=E8h, AL=01h (AX = E801h) Get Extended Memory Size(Newer function, since 1994). Gives results for memory size above 64 Mb. AH=E8h, AL=20h (AX = E820h) Query System Address Map. The information returned from e820 supersedes what is returned from the older AX=E801h and AH=88h interfaces.
INT 16h	Implemented by the BIOS or operating system. Provides routines to be called by software programs which communicate with the keyboard. AH=00h Read Character AH=01h Read Input Status AH=02h Read Keyboard Shift Status AH=10h Read Character Extended AH=11h Read Input Status Extended AH=12h Read Keyboard Shift Status Extended
INT 17h	Print Services - used by software programs to communicate with the printer AH=00h Print Character to Printer AH=01h Initialize Printer AH=02h Check Printer Status
INT 18h	Execute Cassette BASIC: True IBM computers contain BASIC in the ROM to be interpreted and executed by this routine in the event of a boot failure (called by the BIOS)
INT 19h	After POST this interrupt is used by BIOS to load the operating system.
INT 1Ah	即時的時鐘（RTC）服務 - called by software programs to communicate with the RTC AH=00h 讀取 RTC AH=01h 設定 RTC AH=02h 讀取 RTC 時間 AH=03h 設定 RTC 時間 AH=04h 讀取 RTC 日期 AH=05h 設定 RTC 日期 AH=06h 設定 RTC Alarm AH=07h Reset RTC Alarm
INT 1Bh	Installed by the operating system; automatically called by INT 9 when Ctrl-Break has been pressed
INT 1Ch	Called automatically by INT 08; available for use by software programs when a routine needs to be executed regularly
INT 1Dh	Not to be called; simply a pointer to the VPT (Video Parameter Table), which contains data on video modes
INT 1Eh	Not to be called; simply a pointer to the DPT (Diskette Parameter Table), containing a variety of information concerning the diskette drives
INT 1Fh	Not to be called; simply a pointer to the VGCT (Video Graphics Character Table), which contains the data for ASCII characters 80h to FFh
INT 41h	Address pointer: FDPT = Fixed Disk Parameter Table (1st hard drive)
INT 46h	Address pointer: FDPT = Fixed Disk Parameter Table (2nd hard drive)
INT 4Ah	Called by RTC for alarm
INT 70h	IRQ8: 由 RTC 呼叫
INT 74h	IRQ12: 由滑鼠呼叫
INT 75h	IRQ13: Called by math coprocessor
INT 76h	IRQ14: 由第一個 IDE 控制器所呼叫
INT 77h	IRQ15: 由第二個 IDE 控制器所呼叫

[編輯]相關

• Interrupt
• Interrupt descriptor table
• INT 13
• Input/Output Base Address
• Ralf Brown's Interrupt List

[編輯]外部連結

• Embedded BIOS User’s Manual
• http://www.missl.cs.umd.edu/winint/index1.html
• http://hdebruijn.soo.dto.tudelft.nl/newpage/interupt/out-0100.htm
• Turbo Pascal examples for reading sectors
• HTML version of Ralf Brown Interrupt List