mac下搭建php環境

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本文主要和大家分享mac下搭建php環境,最近工作環境切換到Mac,所以以OS X Yosemite(10.10.1)為例,記錄一下從零開始安裝Mac下LNMP環境的過程

確保系統已經安裝xcode,然後使用一行命令安裝依賴管理工具Homebrew。

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

之後就可以使用

brew install FORMULA

來安裝所需要的依賴了。

brew(意為釀酒)的命名很有意思,全部都使用了釀酒過程中採用的材料/器具,名詞對應以下的概念:

  • Formula(配方) 程式包定義,本質上是一個rb檔案

  • Keg(桶)程式包的安裝路徑

  • Cellar(地窖)所有程式包(桶)的根目錄

  • Tap(水龍頭)程式包的源

  • Bottle (瓶子)編譯打包好的程式包

最終編譯安裝完畢的程式就是一桶釀造好的酒

更詳細的資訊參考Homebrew的官方Cookbook

因此使用Homebrew常見的流程是:

  1. 增加一個程式源(新增一個水龍頭) brew tap homebrew/php

  2. 更新程式源 brew update

  3. 安裝程式包(按照配方釀酒) brew install git

  4. 查看配置 brew config 可以看到程式包預設安裝在/usr/local/Cellar下 (酒桶放在地窖內)

安裝PHP5.6(FPM方式)

首先加入Homebrew官方的幾個軟體源

brew tap homebrew/dupesbrew tap homebrew/versionsbrew tap homebrew/php

PHP如果採用預設配置安裝,會編譯mod_php模組並只運行在Apache環境下,為了使用Nginx,這裡需要編譯php-fpm並且禁用apache,主要通過參數--without-fpm --without-apache來實現。完整的安裝指令為

brew install php56 \--build-from-source \--without-snmp \--without-apache \--with-fpm \--with-intl \--with-homebrew-curl \--with-homebrew-libxslt \--with-homebrew-openssl \--with-imap \--with-mysql \--with-tidy

由於OSX已經內建了PHP環境,因此需要修改系統路徑,優先運行brew安裝的版本,在~/.bashrc裡加入:

export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"

如果要安裝新的php擴充,可以直接安裝而不用每次重新編譯php,所有的擴充可以通過

brew search php56

看到,下面是我自己所需要的擴充,可以支援Phalcon架構:

brew install php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo  php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug --build-from-source

PHP-FPM的載入與啟動

安裝完畢後可以通過以下指令啟動和停止php-fpm

php-fpm -Dkillall php-fpm

同時可以將php-fpm加入開機啟動

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgentslaunchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist

安裝Nginx

brew install nginx

安裝完畢後可以通過

nginxnginx -s quit

啟動和關閉,同時也支援重載設定檔等操作

nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit

nginx安裝後預設監聽8080連接埠,可以訪問http://localhost:8080查看狀態。如果要想監聽80連接埠需要root許可權,運行

sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginxsudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx

並使用root許可權啟動

sudo nginx

開機啟動

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgentslaunchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist

Nginx + PHP-FPM配置

Nginx一般都會運行多個網域名稱,因此這裡參考了@fish的方法,按Ubuntu的檔案夾結構來存放Nginx的設定檔

mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginxmkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-availablemkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabledmkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.dmkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl

編輯Nginx全域配置

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;error_log   /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;pid        /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;events {    worker_connections  256;}http {    include       mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream;    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '        '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '        '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '        '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme '        '$cookie_evalogin';    access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/access.log  main;    sendfile        on;    keepalive_timeout  65;    port_in_redirect off;    include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;}

這樣一來首先可以把一些可複用配置獨立出來放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下,比如fastcgi的設定就可以獨立出來

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm

內容為

location ~ \.php$ {    try_files                   $uri = 404;    fastcgi_pass                127.0.0.1:9000;    fastcgi_index               index.php;    fastcgi_intercept_errors    on;    include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;}

然後/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目錄下可以一個檔案對應一個網域名稱的配置,比如web伺服器目錄是/opt/htdocs

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
server {    listen       80;    server_name  localhost;    root         /opt/htdocs/;    location / {        index  index.html index.htm index.php;        include     /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;    }}

此時啟動了php-fpm並且啟動了Nginx後,就可以通過http://localhost來運行php程式了

安裝MySQL

brew install mysql

可以通過

mysql.server startmysql.server stop

來啟動/停止,啟動後預設應為空白密碼,可以通過mysqladmin設定一個密碼

mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"

但是在操作的時候出現了空密碼無法登入的情況,最終只能通過mysqld_safe來設定

sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tablesmysql -u rootmysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root';mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

最後將MySQL加入開機啟動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

Memcache

brew install memcached

啟動/停止指令

memcached -dkillall memcached

加入開機啟動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

Redis

brew install redis

Redis預設設定檔不允許以Deamon方式運行,因此需要先修改設定檔

vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

將daemonize修改為yes,然後載入設定檔即可實現後台進程啟動

redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf

加入開機啟動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

設定別名

最後可以對所有服務的啟動停止設定別名方便操作

vim ~/.bash_profile

加入

alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'

安裝其他項目支援

brew install composer node

安裝Oh My Zsh

brew install zsh-completionschsh -s /usr/local/bin/zshvim ~/.zshenv

加入內容

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH

然後

vim ~/.zshrc

加入內容

fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)autoload -Uz compinitcompinit -u

最後運行

rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit

查看正在使用的shell

dscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell

安裝Oh My Zsh

wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh
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