C#學習基礎概念二十五問續2第1/2頁

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6.sealed 修飾符是幹什麼的?
答:
sealed 修飾符表示密封
用於類時,表示該類不能再被繼承,不能和 abstract 同時使用,因為這兩個修飾符在含義上互斥
用於方法和屬性時,表示該方法或屬性不能再被繼承,必須和 override 關鍵字一起使用,因為使用 sealed 修飾符的方法或屬性肯定是基類中相應的虛成員
通常用於實現第三方類庫時不想被用戶端繼承,或用於沒有必要再繼承的類以防止濫用繼承造成階層體系混亂
恰當的利用 sealed 修飾符也可以提高一定的運行效率,因為不用考慮繼承類會重寫該成員
樣本:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Example06
{
class Program
{
class A
{
public virtual void F()
{
Console.WriteLine("A.F");
}
public virtual void G()
{
Console.WriteLine("A.G");
}
}
class B : A
{
public sealed override void F()
{
Console.WriteLine("B.F");
}
public override void G()
{
Console.WriteLine("B.G");
}
}
class C : B
{
public override void G()
{
Console.WriteLine("C.G");
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
new A().F();
new A().G();
new B().F();
new B().G();
new C().F();
new C().G();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
結果:
類 B 在繼承類 A 時可以重寫兩個虛函數,:

由於類 B 中對 F 方法進行了密封, 類 C 在繼承類 B 時只能重寫一個函數,:


控制台輸出結果,類 C 的方法 F 只能是輸出 類B 中對該方法的實現:
A.F
A.G
B.F
B.G
B.F
C.G

7.override 和 overload 的區別?
答:
override 表示重寫,用於繼承類對基類中虛成員的實現
overload 表示重載,用於同一個類中同名方法不同參數(包括類型不同或個數不同)的實現
樣本:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Example07
{
class Program
{
class BaseClass
{
public virtual void F()
{
Console.WriteLine("BaseClass.F");
}
}
class DeriveClass : BaseClass
{
public override void F()
{
base.F();
Console.WriteLine("DeriveClass.F");
}
public void Add(int Left, int Right)
{
Console.WriteLine("Add for Int: {0}", Left + Right);
}
public void Add(double Left, double Right)
{
Console.WriteLine("Add for int: {0}", Left + Right);
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
DeriveClass tmpObj = new DeriveClass();
tmpObj.F();
tmpObj.Add(1, 2);
tmpObj.Add(1.1, 2.2);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
結果:
BaseClass.F
DeriveClass.F
Add for Int: 3
Add for int: 3.3

8.什麼是索引指標?
答:
實現索引指標(indexer)的類可以象數組那樣使用其執行個體後的對象,但與數組不同的是索引指標的參數類型不僅限於int
簡單來說,其本質就是一個含參數屬性
樣本:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Example08
{
public class Point
{
private double x, y;
public Point(double X, double Y)
{
x = X;
y = Y;
}
//重寫ToString方法方便輸出
public override string ToString()
{
return String.Format("X: {0} , Y: {1}", x, y);
}
}
public class Points
{
Point[] points;
public Points(Point[] Points)
{
points = Points;
}
public int PointNumber
{
get
{
return points.Length;
}
}
//實現索引訪問器
public Point this[int Index]
{
get
{
return points[Index];
}
}
}
//感謝watson hua(http://huazhihao.cnblogs.com/)的指點
//索引指標的實質是含參屬性,參數並不只限於int
class WeatherOfWeek
{
public string this[int Index]
{
get
{
//注意case段使用return直接返回所以不需要break
switch (Index)
{
case 0:
{
return "Today is cloudy!";
}
case 5:
{
return "Today is thundershower!";
}
default:
{
return "Today is fine!";
}
}
}
}
public string this[string Day]
{
get
{
string TodayWeather = null;
//switch的標準寫法
switch (Day)
{
case "Sunday":
{
TodayWeather = "Today is cloudy!";
break;
}
case "Friday":
{
TodayWeather = "Today is thundershower!";
break;
}
default:
{
TodayWeather = "Today is fine!";
break;
}
}
return TodayWeather;
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Point[] tmpPoints = new Point[10];
for (int i = 0; i < tmpPoints.Length; i++)
{
tmpPoints[i] = new Point(i, Math.Sin(i));
}
Points tmpObj = new Points(tmpPoints);
for (int i = 0; i < tmpObj.PointNumber; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(tmpObj[i]);
}

string[] Week = new string[] { "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Staurday"};
WeatherOfWeek tmpWeatherOfWeek = new WeatherOfWeek();
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(tmpWeatherOfWeek[i]);
}
foreach (string tmpDay in Week)
{
Console.WriteLine(tmpWeatherOfWeek[tmpDay]);
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
結果:
X: 0 , Y: 0
X: 1 , Y: 0.841470984807897
X: 2 , Y: 0.909297426825682
X: 3 , Y: 0.141120008059867
X: 4 , Y: -0.756802495307928
X: 5 , Y: -0.958924274663138
X: 6 , Y: -0.279415498198926
X: 7 , Y: 0.656986598718789
X: 8 , Y: 0.989358246623382
X: 9 , Y: 0.412118485241757
Today is cloudy!
Today is fine!
Today is fine!
Today is fine!
Today is fine!
Today is thundershower!
Today is cloudy!
Today is fine!
Today is fine!
Today is fine!
Today is fine!
Today is thundershower!
Today is fine!

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