calabash-android 命令列使用

calabash-android 命令列使用

本文介紹calabash-android的命令列的使用，通過例子，熟悉calabash-android所調用的ruby api和常用控制台命令, 如query, touch, wait等。,。熟悉這些API有助於我們編寫自訂feature。

第一步：下載app

本文所用的測試app為駭客頭條，點此下載。app中view的元素如所示：

第二步：開啟命令列，進入app的下載目錄，輸入如下命令

calabash-android console HackerNews.apk

如果一切運行正常，則會進入calabash命令列，同時可以看到提示符變為：irb(main):001:0>此時可在命令列裡輸入如下命令

irb(main):001:0> reinstall_appsirb(main):002:0> start_test_server_in_background  第一條命令用來安裝被測試app和test_server， 第二天命令啟動test_server,此時可以進入到程式的主介面。

每個Android應用程式都是有一系列的View組成.Button, ImageView, chekbox都是螢幕上的View。每個View都有對應的類型，程式介面可以看做是View的集合。

Query的用法 query(uiquery, *args)

此函數返會一個數組，每一個數組項包含View的資訊，如id,座標,類型。在命令列中輸入

irb(main):003:0> query("ActionBarButton")

由於在ControllerBar中有兩個ActionBarButton,故輸出結果如下所示：

[    [0] {                        "id" => nil,                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.actionbar.ActionBarButton",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 98,            "center_x" => 480,              "height" => 96,                   "y" => 50,               "width" => 96,                   "x" => 432        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "ActionBarButton: \"推廣\""    },    [1] {                        "id" => nil,                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.actionbar.ActionBarButton",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 98,            "center_x" => 576,              "height" => 96,                   "y" => 50,               "width" => 96,                   "x" => 528        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "ActionBarButton: \"重新整理內容\""    }]

由於返回的結果是個ruby array,我們可以使用array的方法，如擷取size

irb(main):004:0> query("ActionBarButton").size

返回的結果是2

查詢keys

irb(main):013:0> query("ImageView").first.keys[    [0] "id",    [1] "enabled",    [2] "contentDescription",    [3] "class",    [4] "rect",    [5] "tag",    [6] "description"]

index

query("*")[0]

query("* index:0")

query中的參數可以是萬用字元，如輸入

irb(main):006:0> query("*")

返回螢幕中的所有元素

通過類名來過濾元素

簡單類名

之前查詢元素的方法是通過簡單類名，且大小寫不敏感。如

irb(main):010:0> query("ImageView")[    [0] {                        "id" => "img_up_icon",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "android.widget.ImageView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 97,            "center_x" => 74,              "height" => 67,                   "y" => 64,               "width" => 67,                   "x" => 41        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "android.widget.ImageView{41f4c740 V.ED.... ........ 41,14-108,81 #7f060091 app:id/img_up_icon}"    }]

和

irb(main):010:0> query("ImageVIew")

結果一樣。

含有包範圍的類名

若輸入以下查詢命令，

irb(main):011:0> query("android.widget.ImageView")

結果如下：

[    [ 0] {                        "id" => "icv_up_indicator",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 98,            "center_x" => 20,              "height" => 50,                   "y" => 73,               "width" => 41,                   "x" => 0        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{41f41cc8 V.ED.... ........ 0,23-41,73 #7f060090 app:id/icv_up_indicator}"    },    [ 1] {                        "id" => "img_up_icon",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "android.widget.ImageView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 97,            "center_x" => 74,              "height" => 67,                   "y" => 64,               "width" => 67,                   "x" => 41        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "android.widget.ImageView{41f4c740 V.ED.... ........ 41,14-108,81 #7f060091 app:id/img_up_icon}"    },    [ 2] {                        "id" => "icv",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 98,            "center_x" => 480,              "height" => 96,                   "y" => 50,               "width" => 96,                   "x" => 432        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{4241f038 V.ED.... ........ 0,0-96,96 #7f060096 app:id/icv}"    },    [ 3] {                        "id" => "icv",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 98,            "center_x" => 576,              "height" => 96,                   "y" => 50,               "width" => 96,                   "x" => 528        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{424aa628 V.ED.... ........ 0,0-96,96 #7f060096 app:id/icv}"    },    [ 4] {                        "id" => "icv_overflow",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 98,            "center_x" => 672,              "height" => 96,                   "y" => 50,               "width" => 96,                   "x" => 624        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{41f6a6b0 V.ED..C. ........ 500,0-596,96 #7f060095 app:id/icv_overflow}"    },    [ 5] {                        "id" => "icv_comment",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 317,            "center_x" => 63,              "height" => 33,                   "y" => 301,               "width" => 26,                   "x" => 50        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{42075eb8 V.ED.... ........ 50,55-76,88 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"    },    [ 6] {                        "id" => "icv_comment",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 454,            "center_x" => 49,              "height" => 33,                   "y" => 438,               "width" => 26,                   "x" => 36        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{4240c4d0 V.ED.... ........ 36,89-62,122 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"    },    [ 7] {                        "id" => "icv_comment",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 557,            "center_x" => 63,              "height" => 33,                   "y" => 541,               "width" => 26,                   "x" => 50        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{42368ad0 V.ED.... ........ 50,55-76,88 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"    },    [ 8] {                        "id" => "icv_comment",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 660,            "center_x" => 63,              "height" => 33,                   "y" => 644,               "width" => 26,                   "x" => 50        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{41c8a720 V.ED.... ........ 50,55-76,88 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"    },    [ 9] {                        "id" => "icv_comment",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 797,            "center_x" => 77,              "height" => 33,                   "y" => 781,               "width" => 26,                   "x" => 64        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{423685d8 V.ED.... ........ 64,89-90,122 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"    },    [10] {                        "id" => "icv_comment",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 900,            "center_x" => 77,              "height" => 33,                   "y" => 884,               "width" => 26,                   "x" => 64        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{424c0658 V.ED.... ........ 64,55-90,88 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"    },    [11] {                        "id" => "icv_comment",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 1037,            "center_x" => 49,              "height" => 33,                   "y" => 1021,               "width" => 26,                   "x" => 36        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{423b43f8 V.ED.... ........ 36,89-62,122 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"    },    [12] {                        "id" => "icv_comment",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 1140,            "center_x" => 63,              "height" => 33,                   "y" => 1124,               "width" => 26,                   "x" => 50        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{420c0dd8 V.ED.... ........ 50,55-76,88 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"    },    [13] {                        "id" => "icv_comment",                   "enabled" => true,        "contentDescription" => nil,                     "class" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",                      "rect" => {            "center_y" => 1277,            "center_x" => 63,              "height" => 33,                   "y" => 1261,               "width" => 26,                   "x" => 50        },                       "tag" => nil,               "description" => "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{423ab810 V.ED.... ........ 50,89-76,122 #7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"    }]

此時返回的結果有14個元素
由此可看出：

1.當僅給出簡單類名時，僅查詢該類名所對應的對象

2.當查詢含有包名的類名時，會給出該類的對象和該類的子類的對象。

過濾操作

可以通過id,text或class來對結果進行過濾。

指定id:

irb(main):018:0> query("android.widget.ImageView id:'icv_comment'")

主要id後面的單引號

指定text：

query("* text:'Login'")

該操作會返回螢幕中含有"Login"文本的View

其它屬性

query("* width:200")query("* enabled:false")

注意，此處無單引號

可以同時指定多個屬性，如：

query("* enabled:true height:50") 查詢原理

calabash過濾屬性的文法如下：

prop:value

prop是屬性名稱，value是一個字串，布爾值或整數。

上面的例子，我們使用的屬性有id,text,enabled和width.除此之外，還有更多的可以用。

每一個View對象都有一系列方法，如View有isEnabled方法。當calabash準備去解析query中傳入的屬性時，它會以如下的順序調用View的方法：prop(),getProp()和isProp().

故對於enabled屬性，它會嘗試調用enabled(),getEnabled()或isEnabled().最後將返回結果與query中指定的值進行比較。

有用的技巧

除了以上的查詢語句，還有其它有用的技巧

marked

此關鍵字通過名稱來標識一個View，用來比較id, text或contentDescription屬性。

qeuery("button marked:'login_button'")

返回屬性
可指定query中的*args參數來控制返回的結果。

返回id

irb(main):005:0> query("android.widget.ImageView", :id)[    [ 0] "icv_up_indicator",    [ 1] "img_up_icon",    [ 2] "icv",    [ 3] "icv",    [ 4] "icv_overflow",    [ 5] "icv_comment",    [ 6] "icv_comment",    [ 7] "icv_comment",    [ 8] "icv_comment",    [ 9] "icv_comment",    [10] "icv_comment",    [11] "icv_comment",    [12] "icv_comment",    [13] "icv_comment"]

可以將屬性過濾與指定的屬性配合使用，如

irb(main):006:0> query("android.widget.ImageView enabled:true", :id)

屬性也可以寫成如下形式

 query("android.widget.ImageView enabled:true", "id")

鏈式調用：

query(android.widget.ImageView", "text", "toLowerCase")

先對放回的對象調用getText(),然後再調用toLowerCase函數。

設定元素的值：（暫未調試）

irb(main):034:0> query("edittext index:1", :setText => "1234")

暫時介紹到這兒，後續會繼續更新。