標籤:
一、作業環境
[[email protected] ~]# uname -aLinux linuxidc 2.6.32-358.18.1.el6.x86_64#1 SMP Wed Aug 28 17:19:38 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
二、現狀分析
系統有兩個硬碟,第一個硬碟107G,“/”分區空間當時分區時只給了7.7G過小,空間馬上占完。現在系統有第二個硬碟sdb大小為16GB,希望把 sdb的所有空間加入到“/”分區中,是其空間容量從7.7GB變成7.7GB+16GB(約2.4GB)。(當然如果這裡只有一個硬碟sda,有很多空 間尚未使用可以進行同樣的操作)
三、操作步驟第一步、查看本機現有分區情況
[[email protected] ~]# df -h檔案系統容量已用可用已用%% 掛載點/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 7.7G 7.1G 155M 98% /tmpfs 3.9G 296K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 485M 64M 396M 14% /boot/dev/sda3 83G 350M 79G 1% /media
第二步、查看原生磁碟情況
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x000dc0adDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 64 2089 16264192 8e Linux LVM/dev/sda3 2090 13054 88076362+ 83 LinuxDisk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 8325 MB,8325693440 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1012 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 8325 MB,8325693440 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1012 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000
注意:此時還沒有在EXSI5.0中添加第二塊硬碟
第三步、添加第二塊硬碟
查看此時系統磁碟情況
[email protected] ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x000dc0ad Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinderboundary./dev/sda2 64 2089 16264192 8e Linux LVM/dev/sda3 2090 13054 88076362+ 83 LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 8325 MB,8325693440 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1012 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 8325 MB,8325693440 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1012 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000
可以看到我們新添加的硬碟sdb
第四步、對第二塊硬碟sdb進行分區
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOSpartition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with diskidentifier 0xfa4abbdc.Changes will remain in memory only, untilyou decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous contentwon‘t be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partitiontable 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated.It‘s strongly recommended toswitch off the mode (command ‘c‘) and change display units to sectors (command ‘u‘).Command (m for help): mCommand actiona toggle a bootable flagb edit bsd disklabelc toggle the dos compatibilityflagd delete a partitionl list known partition typesm print this menun add a new partitiono create a new empty DOSpartition tablep print the partition tableq quit without saving changess create a new empty Sundisklabelt change a partition‘s system idu change display/entry unitsv verify the partition tablew write table to disk and exitx extra functionality (expertsonly)Command (m for help): nCommand actione extendedp primary partition (1-4)p Partition number (1-4): 4First cylinder (1-2088, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G}(1-2088, default 2088): Using default value 2088Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.
說明:上面操作對sdb硬碟進行了分區操作,設為sdb4分區了(當然上面建立的主要磁碟分割可以為1-4中的任意一個,我這裡選擇的4)。
第五步、對建立立的sdb4分區進行格式
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb4mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)檔案系統標籤=作業系統:Linux塊大小=4096 (log=2)分塊大小=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks1048576 inodes, 4192957 blocks209647 blocks (5.00%) reserved for thesuper user第一個資料區塊=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296128 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000正在寫入inode表: 完成Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done完成This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 20 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
說明:將sdb4分區格式化為ext4格式,因為CentOS安裝是系統的格式ext4,所以這裡要注意一下。
第六步、格式後的sdb4分區添加為物理卷
[[email protected] ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb4Physical volume "/dev/sdb4" successfully created
第七步、查看當前系統的物理卷(PV)情況
[[email protected] ~]# pvdisplay---Physical volume ---PVName /dev/sda2VGName VolGroupPVSize 15.51 GiB / not usable3.00 MiBAllocatable yes (butfull)PESize 4.00 MiBTotal PE 3970Free PE 0Allocated PE 3970PVUUID Up77sG-sNKf-Ja0k-crBf-N0wz-a5hy-T6sVFh"/dev/sdb4" is a new physical volume of "15.99 GiB"---NEW Physical volume ---PVName /dev/sdb4VGName PVSize 15.99 GiBAllocatable NOPESize 0 Total PE 0Free PE 0Allocated PE 0PVUUID Gqnw7N-HooX-S2Nz-1NIZ-YpOe-g0jo-grG1rQ
說明:可以看到添加的新物理卷sdb4,大小都符合我們添加時的設定
第八步、查看當前卷組情況
[[email protected] ~]# vgdisplay---Volume group ---VGName VolGroupSystem ID Format lvm2Metadata Areas 1Metadata Sequence No 3VGAccess read/writeVGStatus resizableMAXLV 0CurLV 2Open LV 2MaxPV 0CurPV 1ActPV 1VGSize 15.51 GiBPESize 4.00 MiBTotal PE 3970Alloc PE / Size 3970 / 15.51GiBFree PE / Size 0 / 0 VGUUID PPrifh-glzl-nnxX-YkBm-xJ1s-rgnw-d1WsJd
第九步、將分區sdb4轉換為擴充分區
[[email protected] ~]# vgextend VolGroup/dev/sdb4Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended
第十步、查看當前的邏輯卷
[[email protected] ~]# lvdisplay---Logical volume ---LVPath /dev/VolGroup/lv_rootLVName lv_rootVGName VolGroupLVUUID dCIsej-0NWX-bVFe-bT6L-c4eY-oy4G-9lNBOCLVWrite Access read/writeLVCreation host, time , LVStatus available#open 1LVSize 7.75 GiBCurrent LE 1985Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto-currently set to 256Block device 253:0---Logical volume ---LVPath /dev/VolGroup/lv_swapLVName lv_swapVGName VolGroupLVUUID K5bxJo-2SmM-6NCU-mBJP-Qzp1-ZODH-nbLK0kLVWrite Access read/writeLVCreation host, time , LVStatus available#open 1LVSize 7.75 GiBCurrent LE 1985Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto-currently set to 256Block device 253:1
說明:這裡可以看到“/”根分區的路徑名稱為:/dev/VolGroup/lv_root
第十一步、查看擴充後的卷組情況
[[email protected] ~]# vgdisplay---Volume group ---VGName VolGroupSystem ID Format lvm2Metadata Areas 2Metadata Sequence No 4VGAccess read/writeVGStatus resizableMAXLV 0CurLV 2Open LV 2MaxPV 0CurPV 2ActPV 2VGSize 31.50 GiBPESize 4.00 MiBTotal PE 8064Alloc PE / Size 3970 / 15.51GiBFree PE / Size 4094 / 15.99 GiBVGUUID PPrifh-glzl-nnxX-YkBm-xJ1s-rgnw-d1WsJd
說明:擴充後的卷子情況,可以看出大小增加了16GB(與第八步中的對比)
第十二步、將新增的邏輯卷全部擴充到“/”分區中
[[email protected] ~]# lvextend -L +15.99G/dev/VolGroup/lv_root Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 15.99 GiBExtending logical volume lv_root to 23.75 GiBLogical volume lv_root successfully resized
說明:這裡sdb4總共有16G,所以把16BG全部添加給根分區。
第十三步、查看“/”根分區格式,並重新重新整理根分區的大小
[[email protected] ~]# e2fsck -f/dev/VolGroup/lv_root e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)/dev/VolGroup/lv_root is mounted.e2fsck: 無法繼續, 中止.[[email protected] ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup/lv_root resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup/lv_root ismounted on /; on-line resizing requiredold desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2Performing an on-line resize of/dev/VolGroup/lv_root to 6224896 (4k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup/lv_root isnow 6224896 blocks long.
說明:命令resize2fs即重新整理根分區“/dev/VolGroup/lv_root”的容量。
第十三步、查看重新整理後根分區的大小
[[email protected] ~]# df -h檔案系統容量已用可用已用%% 掛載點/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root24G 7.1G 16G 32% /tmpfs 3.9G 144K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda3 83G 350M 79G 1% /media/Lucene
說明:可以看到根分區的大小有7.7G變成了24G,重啟一下系統再來看情況。此時就可以繼續安裝軟體了,不會提示空間不足了。
CentOS根分區擴容方法