Centos小白學習

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以前用ubuntu比較多，但伺服器要求，決定開始學習Centos

1.安裝完Centos後案頭寬度不能自適應

 如果使用的是 gnome, 點擊菜單 "System -> Preferences -> Display，調整解析度

2.Centos安裝FireFox，原裝的反應很慢

解壓

# cd /usr/local
# su -c "tar zxvf /home/wandering/firefox-2.0.0.5.tar.gz"

替換

# which firefox
/usr/bin/firefox
# mv /usr/bin/firefox /usr/bin/firefox-1.5.0.9
# ln -s /usr/local/firefox/firefox /usr/bin/firefox

命令列下：firefox

小知識：

.tar.gz     格式解壓為          tar   -zxvf   xx.tar.gz

.tar.bz2   格式解壓為          tar   -jxvf    xx.tar.bz2

3.yum更新源

Centos軟體安裝工具yum，系統預設使用的是國外的centos更新源，導致預設更新源安裝或者更新軟體時速度很慢的問題，需要將預設的yum更新源配置為國內的更新源。yum更新源設定檔位於centos目錄  /etc/yum.repos.d/ 下。

國內速度較快的常用更新源如下：
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/ 163-網易
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/ 中國移動通訊（山東移動）
http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/ 中國科學技術大學
http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/centos/ 東北大學

編輯yum設定檔： 
#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

[base]name=CentOS-$releasever - Basemirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#released updates [updates]name=CentOS-$releasever - Updatesmirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#additional packages that may be useful[extras]name=CentOS-$releasever - Extrasmirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages[centosplus]name=CentOS-$releasever - Plusmirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6#contrib - packages by Centos Users[contrib]name=CentOS-$releasever - Contribmirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/gpgcheck=1enabled=0gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

從以上設定檔可以看出，需要根據各家源情況 有選擇的配置 [base]  [updates]  [addons]  [extras]  [centosplus]   這幾項。

每一項只要修改baseurl 和gpgkey 為相應源地址即可。

然後使用如下命令更新到最新系統：

#rpm –import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg-key*

#yum upgrade

以上配置結束之後，要清空yum 緩衝，並重建yum緩衝，執行以下命令：

yum clean all && yum clean metadata && yum clean dbcache && yum makecache && yum update

 

Centos小白學習