CentOS-yum基本使用

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CentOS: yum

URL: ftp://172.16.0.1/pub/

YUM: yellow dog, Yellowdog Update Modifier

yum repository: yum repo
儲存了眾多rpm包，以及包的相關的中繼資料檔案（放置於特定目錄下：repodata）；

檔案伺服器：
ftp://
http://
nfs://
file:///

yum用戶端：
設定檔：
/etc/yum.conf：為所有倉庫提供公用配置
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo：為倉庫的指向提供配置

倉庫指向的定義：
[repositoryID]
name=Some name for this repository
baseurl=url://path/to/repository/
enabled={1|0}
gpgcheck={1|0}
gpgkey=URL
enablegroups={1|0}
failovermethod={roundrobin|priority}
預設為：roundrobin，意為隨機挑選；
cost=
預設為1000

教室裡的yum源：http://172.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.6-x86_64/
CentOS 6.6 X84_64 epel: http://172.16.0.1/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/

yum命令的用法：
yum [options] [command] [package ...]

command is one of:
* install package1 [package2] [...]
* update [package1] [package2] [...]
* update-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* check-update
* upgrade [package1] [package2] [...]
* upgrade-to [package1] [package2] [...]
* distribution-synchronization [package1] [package2] [...]
* remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]
* list [...]
* info [...]
* provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]
* clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]
* makecache
* groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
* groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
* grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
* groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
* groupinfo group1 [...]
* search string1 [string2] [...]
* shell [filename]
* resolvedep dep1 [dep2] [...]
* localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
* localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)
* reinstall package1 [package2] [...]
* downgrade package1 [package2] [...]
* deplist package1 [package2] [...]
* repolist [all|enabled|disabled]
* version [ all | installed | available | group-* | nogroups* | grouplist | groupinfo ]
* history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]
* check
* help [command]

顯示倉庫列表：
repolist [all|enabled|disabled]

顯示程式包：
list
# yum list [all | glob_exp1] [glob_exp2] [...]
# yum list {available|installed|updates} [glob_exp1] [...]

安裝程式包：
install package1 [package2] [...]

reinstall package1 [package2] [...] (重新安裝)

升級程式包：
update [package1] [package2] [...]

downgrade package1 [package2] [...] (降級)

檢查可用升級：
check-update

卸載程式包：
remove | erase package1 [package2] [...]

查看程式包information：
info [...]

查看指定的特性(可以是某檔案)是由哪個程式包所提供：
provides | whatprovides feature1 [feature2] [...]

清理本機快取：
clean [ packages | metadata | expire-cache | rpmdb | plugins | all ]

構建緩衝：
makecache

搜尋：
search string1 [string2] [...]

以指定的關鍵字搜尋程式包名及summary資訊；

查看指定包所依賴的capabilities：
deplist package1 [package2] [...]

查看yum事務曆史：
history [info|list|packages-list|packages-info|summary|addon-info|redo|undo|rollback|new|sync|stats]

安裝及升級本地程式包：
* localinstall rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use install)
* localupdate rpmfile1 [rpmfile2] [...]
(maintained for legacy reasons only - use update)

包組管理的相關命令：
* groupinstall group1 [group2] [...]
* groupupdate group1 [group2] [...]
* grouplist [hidden] [groupwildcard] [...]
* groupremove group1 [group2] [...]
* groupinfo group1 [...]

如何使用光碟片當作本地yum倉庫：
(1) 掛載光碟片至某目錄，例如/media/cdrom
# mount -r -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
(2) 建立設定檔
[CentOS7]
name=
baseurl=
gpgcheck=
enabled=

yum的命令列選項：
--nogpgcheck：禁止進行gpg check；
-y: 自動回答為“yes”；
-q：靜默模式；
--disablerepo=repoidglob：臨時禁用此處指定的repo；
--enablerepo=repoidglob：臨時啟用此處指定的repo；
--noplugins：禁用所有外掛程式；

yum的repo設定檔中可用的變數：
$releasever: 當前OS的發行版的主要版本號；
$arch: 平台；
$basearch：基礎平台；
$YUM0-$YUM9

http://mirrors.magedu.com/centos/$releasever/$basearch/os

建立yum倉庫：
createrepo [options] <directory>

CentOS-yum基本使用