標籤:cobbler pxe install centos
一、cobbler工作原理
cobbler 實現自動化安裝OS,是依賴於:
網卡的PXE技術(dhcp client、tftp client ) + anaconda(linux上安裝作業系統的程式)
+ dhcp(為需要安裝作業系統的主機分配IP) + tftp(提供基於網卡引導時所需要的開機檔案)
+ httpd(os install tree 的存放位置 ) 實現的。
二、安裝和修改cobbler配置
1.Cobbler不在CentOS的基本源中,需要匯入EPEL源升級軟體包,
# rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rp
安裝完運行yum報錯:
Error: Cannot retrieve metalink for repository: epel. Please verify its path and try again
解決方案
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
編輯[epel]下的baseurl前的#號去掉,mirrorlist前添加#號。正確配置如下:
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
2. yum安裝cobbler包
# yum -y install cobbler httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp
3. 開啟cobbler服務,重啟Apache服務,設定各個服務開機自啟動
# service httpd start
# service cobblerd start
# service xinetd start
# /sbin/chkconfig httpd on
# /sbin/chkconfig dhcpd on
# /sbin/chkconfig xinetd on
# /sbin/chkconfig tftp on
# /sbin/chkconfig cobblerd on
4. 關閉SELinux和防火牆
# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=enforcing更改為SELINUX=disabled
# reboot
5. 修改cobbler配置
# vi /etc/cobbler/setting
‘next_server: 127.0.0.1‘ 替換本機IP地址 (DHCP服務地址)
‘server: 127.0.0.1‘ 替換本機IP地址(cobbler服務地址)
‘manage_dhcp: 0‘ 替換為 1(cobbler管理dhcp,後面用於同步更新配置資訊[cobbler sync])
‘manage_rsync: 0‘ 替換為 1 (cobbler管理rsync功能)
6. 載入部分缺失的網路boot-loaders
# cobbler get-loaders
7. 啟動tftp和rsync服務
# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
修改成:disable=no
# vi /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
修改成:disable=no
8. 修改DHCP模板,確保DHCP分配的地址和Cobbler在同一網段
# cat /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ignore client-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;
option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.254;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
filename "/pxelinux.0";
next-server $next_server;
9. 修改cobbler的預設密碼
用 openssl 產生一串密碼後加入到 cobbler 的設定檔(/etc/cobbler/settings)裡,替換 default_password_crypted 欄位:
# openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘1234567‘
$1$random-p$/pL7QZ2d5UVH9GzhJ2lYT1
# vi /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$/pL7QZ2d5UVH9GzhJ2lYT1"
注意:這裡儲存的密碼,將會用於批量部署機器中,root賬戶的登入密碼。
10. 安裝cman啟動電源管理功能
# yum install cman
11. 檢查cobbler安裝環境
# cobbler check
# cobbler sync
三、匯入ISO檔案
1. 掛載ISO鏡像到/meida 目錄
#mount /dev/cdrom /media/
2.從iso中匯入用戶端的OS。這將自動化佈建了“x86_64”,並將其命名為Centos6.2
#cobbler import --path=/media --name=centos6.2--arch=x86_64
這需要一點時間,不要急。可查看/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.2-x86_64/目錄檔案產生情況
# cobbler sync
# cobbler list
distros:
centos6.2-x86_64
profiles:
centos6.2-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
四、部署測試
建立一台虛擬機器測試一下,把虛擬機器設定成網路 PXE 啟動
本文出自 “hanyun.fang” 部落格,請務必保留此出處http://hanyun.blog.51cto.com/1060170/1588840
cobbler批量自動網路安裝centos