轉載請註明地址http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/9750689
在Android中,Activity主要負責前台頁面的展示,Service主要負責需要長期啟動並執行任務,所以在我們實際開發中,就會常常遇到Activity與Service之間的通訊,我們一般在Activity中啟動後台Service,通過Intent來啟動,Intent中我們可以傳遞資料給Service,而當我們Service執行某些操作之後想要更新UI線程,我們應該怎麼做呢?接下來我就介紹兩種方式來實現Service與Activity之間的通訊問題
當Activity通過調用bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,int flags),我們可以得到一個Service的一個對象執行個體,然後我們就可以訪問Service中的方法,我們還是通過一個例子來理解一下吧,一個類比下載的小例子,帶大家理解一下通過Binder通訊的方式
首先我們建立一個工程Communication,然後建立一個Service類
package com.example.communication;import android.app.Service;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Binder;import android.os.IBinder;public class MsgService extends Service {/** * 進度條的最大值 */public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;/** * 進度條的進度值 */private int progress = 0;/** * 增加get()方法,供Activity調用 * @return 下載進度 */public int getProgress() {return progress;}/** * 類比下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次 */public void startDownLoad(){new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){progress += 5;try {Thread.sleep(1000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}).start();}/** * 返回一個Binder對象 */@Overridepublic IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {return new MsgBinder();}public class MsgBinder extends Binder{/** * 擷取當前Service的執行個體 * @return */public MsgService getService(){return MsgService.this;}}}
上面的代碼比較簡單,注釋也比較詳細,最基本的Service的應用了,相信你看得懂的,我們調用startDownLoad()方法來類比下載任務,然後每秒更新一次進度,但這是在後台進行中,我們是看不到的,所以有時候我們需要他能在前台顯示下載的進度問題,所以我們接下來就用到Activity了
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION"); bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
通過上面的代碼我們就在Activity綁定了一個Service,上面需要一個ServiceConnection對象,它是一個介面,我們這裡使用了匿名內部類
ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {@Overridepublic void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {}@Overridepublic void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {//返回一個MsgService對象msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();}};
在onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) 回調方法中,返回了一個MsgService中的Binder對象,我們可以通過getService()方法來得到一個MsgService對象,然後可以調用MsgService中的一些方法,Activity的代碼如下
package com.example.communication;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ComponentName;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.ServiceConnection;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.IBinder;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.ProgressBar;public class MainActivity extends Activity {private MsgService msgService;private int progress = 0;private ProgressBar mProgressBar;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);//綁定ServiceIntent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {//開始下載msgService.startDownLoad();//監聽進度listenProgress();}});}/** * 監聽進度,每秒鐘擷取調用MsgService的getProgress()方法來擷取進度,更新UI */public void listenProgress(){new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {while(progress < MsgService.MAX_PROGRESS){progress = msgService.getProgress();mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);try {Thread.sleep(1000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}).start();}ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {@Overridepublic void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {}@Overridepublic void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {//返回一個MsgService對象msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();}};@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {unbindService(conn);super.onDestroy();}}
其實上面的代碼我還是有點疑問,就是監聽進度變化的那個方法我是直接線上程中更新UI的,不是說不能在其他線程更新UI操作嗎,可能是ProgressBar比較特殊吧,我也沒去研究它的源碼,知道的朋友可以告訴我一聲,謝謝!
上面的代碼就完成了在Service更新UI的操作,可是你發現了沒有,我們每次都要主動調用getProgress()來擷取進度值,然後隔一秒在調用一次getProgress()方法,你會不會覺得很被動呢?可不可以有一種方法當Service中進度發生變化主動通知Activity,答案是肯定的,我們可以利用回調介面實現Service的主動通知,不理解回調方法的可以看看http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/8703708
建立一個回調介面
public interface OnProgressListener {void onProgress(int progress);}
MsgService的代碼有一些小小的改變,為了方便大家看懂,我還是將所有代碼貼出來
package com.example.communication;import android.app.Service;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Binder;import android.os.IBinder;public class MsgService extends Service {/** * 進度條的最大值 */public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;/** * 進度條的進度值 */private int progress = 0;/** * 更新進度的回調介面 */private OnProgressListener onProgressListener;/** * 註冊回調介面的方法,供外部調用 * @param onProgressListener */public void setOnProgressListener(OnProgressListener onProgressListener) {this.onProgressListener = onProgressListener;}/** * 增加get()方法,供Activity調用 * @return 下載進度 */public int getProgress() {return progress;}/** * 類比下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次 */public void startDownLoad(){new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){progress += 5;//進度發生變化通知調用方if(onProgressListener != null){onProgressListener.onProgress(progress);}try {Thread.sleep(1000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}).start();}/** * 返回一個Binder對象 */@Overridepublic IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {return new MsgBinder();}public class MsgBinder extends Binder{/** * 擷取當前Service的執行個體 * @return */public MsgService getService(){return MsgService.this;}}}
Activity中的代碼如下
package com.example.communication;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.ComponentName;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.ServiceConnection;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.IBinder;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.ProgressBar;public class MainActivity extends Activity {private MsgService msgService;private ProgressBar mProgressBar;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);//綁定ServiceIntent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {//開始下載msgService.startDownLoad();}});}ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {@Overridepublic void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {}@Overridepublic void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {//返回一個MsgService對象msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();//註冊回調介面來接收下載進度的變化msgService.setOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener() {@Overridepublic void onProgress(int progress) {mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);}});}};@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {unbindService(conn);super.onDestroy();}}
用回調介面是不是更加的方便呢,當進度發生變化的時候Service主動通知Activity,Activity就可以更新UI操作了
當我們的進度發生變化的時候我們發送一條廣播,然後在Activity的註冊廣播接收器,接收到廣播之後更新ProgressBar,代碼如下
package com.example.communication;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.IntentFilter;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.ProgressBar;public class MainActivity extends Activity {private ProgressBar mProgressBar;private Intent mIntent;private MsgReceiver msgReceiver;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);//動態註冊廣播接收器msgReceiver = new MsgReceiver();IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();intentFilter.addAction("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");registerReceiver(msgReceiver, intentFilter);mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {//啟動服務mIntent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");startService(mIntent);}});}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {//停止服務stopService(mIntent);//登出廣播unregisterReceiver(msgReceiver);super.onDestroy();}/** * 廣播接收器 * @author len * */public class MsgReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {//拿到進度,更新UIint progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress", 0);mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);}}}
package com.example.communication;import android.app.Service;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.IBinder;public class MsgService extends Service {/** * 進度條的最大值 */public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;/** * 進度條的進度值 */private int progress = 0;private Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");/** * 類比下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次 */public void startDownLoad(){new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){progress += 5;//發送Action為com.example.communication.RECEIVER的廣播intent.putExtra("progress", progress);sendBroadcast(intent);try {Thread.sleep(1000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}).start();}@Overridepublic int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {startDownLoad();return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);}@Overridepublic IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {return null;}}
總結:
- Activity調用bindService (Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags)方法,得到Service對象的一個引用,這樣Activity可以直接調用到Service中的方法,如果要主動通知Activity,我們可以利用回調方法
- Service向Activity發送訊息,可以使用廣播,當然Activity要註冊相應的接收器。比如Service要向多個Activity發送同樣的訊息的話,用這種方法就更好