Linux下配置OpenCV1.0環境

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自己一直嚷嚷著打算學學Image Recognition，識別個簡單的，車牌號，驗證碼之類的，之前查過資料，OpenCV可以實現。昨天花了一個下午終於配置好環境了，今天寫下總結。

OpenCV這一名稱包含了Open和Computer Vision兩者的意思。實際上，Open指Open Source(開源，即開放原始碼)，Computer Vision則指電腦視覺。更詳細介紹，請參考：http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCV

 

配置環境系統資訊：Linux

[email protected]:~$ cat /etc/debian_version
7.6
[email protected]:~$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.2.0-4-amd64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Debian 4.6.3-14) ) #1 SMP Debian 3.2.60-1+deb7u1
[email protected]:~$

OpenCV版本：1.0

 

為何選擇1.0進行安裝？

由於我想實現的功能比較簡單，簡單查資料發現最新的OpenCV2.4.9版本中添加了C++的庫，我是C++渣渣，手裡的書又都是1.0版本的，比較老，所以果斷安裝版本選擇了1.0.

為何選擇在Linux上安裝？

在Windows上安裝，有很全的資料和教程，但版本已經妥協到1.0了，正好Linux上安裝業忘得差不多了，再者，個人認為，在Linux下安裝成功，Windows上應該也可以，反之，未必，所以選擇在Linux上安裝。

好了，廢話不多說，開始安裝。(為了節約時間，強烈建議先看完教程再安裝)

 

第一步：擷取安裝包

到http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/opencv-unix/1.0/ 下載opencv-1.0.0.tar.gz原始碼包或者到http://opencv.org/downloads.html的最下方下載

 

第二步：解壓

首先請切換到root使用者，然後，找到下載的位置

#cd /home/YOUR_USER_NAME/Downloads/

#tar -zxvf opencv-1.0.0.tar.gz

這個時候，在目前的目錄下會出現一個名為：opencv-1.0.0的directory

#cd opencv-1.0.0

第三步：執行./configure

#./configure

執行這條命令後，我並不順利，報了一些錯誤：

提示你安裝一些你需要的庫，我安裝了兩個，就沒報錯了

#apt-get install g++

#apt-get install pkg-config

第四步：執行./configure，若出現以下資訊，表示成功：

#./configure

 

General configuration ================================================
Compiler: g++
CXXFLAGS: -Wall -fno-rtti -pipe -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer

Install path: /usr/local

HighGUI configuration ================================================

Windowing system --------------
Use Carbon / Mac OS X: no
Use gtk+ 2.x: yes
Use gthread: yes

Image I/O ---------------------
Use libjpeg: yes
Use zlib: yes
Use libpng: yes
Use libtiff: yes
Use libjasper: yes
Use libIlmImf: no

Video I/O ---------------------
Use QuickTime / Mac OS X: no
Use xine: no
Use ffmpeg: no
Use dc1394 & raw1394: no
Use v4l: no
Use v4l2: yes

Wrappers for other languages =========================================
SWIG
Python no

Additional build settings ============================================
Build demo apps yes

Now run make ...

 

第五步：運行make

#make

 

make後出現以下錯誤資訊：

../../cxcore/include/cxmisc.h:133:6: error : #elif with no expression

原因分析：
GCC 4.4 will introduce better checks in the preprocessor. The problem
is pretty obvious: you‘re using a #elif without any condition when
you really want a #else.

You can reproduce this problem with gcc-snapshot from unstable.

> Automatic build of opencv_1.0.0-6.1 on em64t by sbuild/amd64 0.53
...
> /bin/sh ../../libtool --tag=CXX --mode=compile g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I. -I../../cxcore/include -I../.. -DNDEBUG -fno-strict-aliasing -Wall -g -fopenmp -O2 -g -MT cxalloc.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/cxalloc.Tpo -c -o cxalloc.lo cxalloc.cpp
> g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I. -I../../cxcore/include -I../.. -DNDEBUG -fno-strict-aliasing -Wall -g -fopenmp -O2 -g -MT cxalloc.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/cxalloc.Tpo -c cxalloc.cpp -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/cxalloc.o
> In file included from _cxcore.h:60,
> from cxalloc.cpp:42:
> ../../cxcore/include/cxmisc.h:133:6: error: #elif with no expression
> make[4]: *** [cxalloc.lo] Error 1
> make[4]: Leaving directory `/build/tbm/opencv-1.0.0/cxcore/src‘
> make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1

解決方案：

解決辦法：

--- cxcore/include/cxmisc.h~ 2008-11-07 15:12:58.000000000 +0000 （刪除）
+++ cxcore/include/cxmisc.h 2008-11-07 15:13:03.000000000 +0000 （開啟）
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
#include <alloca.h>
#elif defined HAVE_ALLOCA
#include <stdlib.h>
-#elif
+#else
#error
#endif

以上的意思就是：把 該檔案的＃elif 改為 ＃else後編譯成功！！！

第六步：執行./configure,make

#./configure

#make

提示以下錯誤：

g++ -Wall -fno-rtti -pipe -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -o .libs/opencv-haartraining haartraining.o libcvhaartraining.a ../../../otherlibs/highgui/.libs/libhighgui.so /home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0/cv/src/.libs/libcv.so ../../../cv/src/.libs/libcv.so /home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0/cxcore/src/.libs/libcxcore.so ../../../cxcore/src/.libs/libcxcore.so -lpthread -ldl -lm
../../../otherlibs/highgui/.libs/libhighgui.so: undefined reference to `cvCaptureFromCAM_V4L(int)‘
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[4]: *** [opencv-haartraining] Error 1
make[4]: Leaving directory `/home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0/apps/haartraining/src‘
make[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0/apps/haartraining‘
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0/apps‘
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/genie/Downloads/opencv-1.0.0‘
make: *** [all] Error 2

 

解決方案：https://code.ros.org/trac/opencv/changeset/5206，可能會有的部分檔案目錄不同，但內容相同

解決方案：https://code.ros.org/trac/opencv/changeset/5206，可能會有的部分檔案目錄不同，但內容相同

Unmodified：other
Added：green part
Removed：red part

TabularUnified branches/2.2/opencv/cnconfig.h.cmake

舊行號   新行號
19     　　19 /*V4L2 capturing support */
20 　　20 #cmakedefine HAVE_CAMV4L2
　　　　21
　　　　22 /* V4L/V4L2 capturing support via libv4l */
　　　　23 #cmakedefine HAVE_LIBV4L
21 　　24
22 　　25 /* Carbon windowing environment */

TabularUnified branches/2.2/opencv/modules/highgui/src/cap.cpp
172　　 172 　　　　return capture;
173 　　173 #endif
174　　　     #if defined (HAVE_CAMV4L)||defined (HAVE_CAMV4L2)
　　　　 174 #if defined HAVE_LIBV4L || (defined (HAVE_CAMV4L) && defined (HAVE_CAMV4L2))　　　
175 　　175 capture = cvCreateCameraCapture_V4L(index);
176　　 176 if(capture)

TabularUnified branches/2.2/opencv/modules/highgui/src/cap_libv4l.cpp
225　　 225 #include "precomp.hpp"
226 　　226
227 　　　　#if !defined WIN32 && defined HAVE_CAMV4L && defined HAVE_CAMV4L2
　　　　227 #if !defined WIN32 && defined HAVE_LIBV4L
228 228
229 229 #defined CLEAR(x) memset(&(x), 0, sizeof(x))
.... ...
242 242 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
243 243
　　 244 #ifdef HAVE_CAMV4L
244 245 #include <linux/videodev.h>
　　 246 #endif
　　 247 #ifdef HAVE_CAMV4L2
245 248 #include <linux/videodev2.h>
　　249 #endif
246 250
247 251 #include <libv4l1.h>

第7步：添加庫
先做系統更新

#apt-get update

#apt-get upgrade

再執行

#apt-cache search opencv

後顯示如下資訊

libcv-dev - Translation package for libcv-dev
libcv2.3 - computer vision library - libcv* translation package
libcvaux-dev - Translation package for libcvaux-dev
libcvaux2.3 - computer vision library - libcvaux translation package
libhighgui-dev - Translation package for libhighgui-dev
libhighgui2.3 - computer vision library - libhighgui translation package
libopencv-calib3d-dev - development files for libopencv-calib3d
libopencv-calib3d2.3 - computer vision Camera Calibration library
libopencv-contrib-dev - development files for libopencv-contrib
libopencv-contrib2.3 - computer vision contrib library
libopencv-core-dev - development files for libopencv-core
libopencv-core2.3 - computer vision core library
libopencv-dev - development files for opencv
libopencv-features2d-dev - development files for libopencv-features2d
libopencv-features2d2.3 - computer vision Feature Detection and Descriptor Extraction library
libopencv-flann-dev - development files for libopencv-flann
libopencv-flann2.3 - computer vision Clustering and Search in Multi-Dimensional spaces library
libopencv-gpu-dev - development files for libopencv-gpu
libopencv-gpu2.3 - computer vision GPU Processing library
libopencv-highgui-dev - development files for libopencv-highgui
libopencv-highgui2.3 - computer vision High-level GUI and Media I/O library
libopencv-imgproc-dev - development files for libopencv-imgproc
libopencv-imgproc2.3 - computer vision Image Processing library
libopencv-legacy-dev - development files for libopencv-legacy
libopencv-legacy2.3 - computer vision legacy library
libopencv-ml-dev - development files for libopencv-ml
libopencv-ml2.3 - computer vision Machine Learning library
libopencv-objdetect-dev - development files for libopencv-objdetect
libopencv-objdetect2.3 - computer vision Object Detection library
libopencv-video-dev - development files for libopencv-video
libopencv-video2.3 - computer vision Video analysis library
opencv-doc - OpenCV documentation and examples
python-opencv - Python bindings for the computer vision library

 

再執行：以下命令，根據你自己上面的list做出相應替換，可能有些庫會用不到，但為了防止以後出問題，我就全裝了。

#apt-get install libcvaux-dev libcvaux2.3 libhighgui-dev libhighgui2.3 libopencv-calib3d-dev libopencv-calib3d2.3 libopencv-contrib-dev libopencv-contrib2.3 libopencv-core-dev libopencv-core2.3 libopencv-dev libopencv-features2d-dev libopencv-features2d2.3 libopencv-flann-dev libopencv-flann2.3 libopencv-gpu-dev libopencv-gpu2.3 libopencv-highgui-dev libopencv-highgui2.3 libopencv-imgproc-dev libopencv-imgproc2.3 libopencv-legacy-dev libopencv-legacy2.3 libopencv-ml-dev libopencv-ml2.3 libopencv-objdetect-dev libopencv-objdetect2.3 libopencv-video-dev libopencv-video2.3 opencv-doc python-opencv

第8步：重新執行./configure和make

#./configure

#make

第9步：我當時基本就沒有Error了，然後執行make install，如果你們有錯誤，歡迎評論告知

第10步：更新動態連結程式庫

#vim /etc/ld.so.conf

在最後一行添加:/usr/local/lib到檔案中

執行以下命令：

#ldconfig

 

至此：安裝結束。

 

驗證安裝是否成功：

進入到sample/c下

通過

#ls

可以看到有drawing.c這個檔案

執行如下命令

# g++ drawing.c -o drawing `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv`

執行./drawing

會提示錯誤：OpenCV Error: Unspecified error (The function is not implemented. Rebuild the library with Windows, GTK+ 2.x or Carbon support.

原因：簡單的解釋就是你的GTK+ 2.x要先於OpenCV安裝

所以，重新安裝gtk+ 2.x，然後重執行

#./configure

#make,

#make install

#make check(檢查是否安裝全部正確)

再用驗證階段的g++編譯，

再執行

#./drawing

就出現了動畫效果了。

 

 

 

 

感謝以下連結及文獻，幫我解決了很多問題：

https://code.ros.org/trac/opencv/changeset/5206

http://blog.csdn.net/loveaborn/article/details/7647734

http://www.raben.com/content/opencv-installation-ubuntu-1204

http://opencv.wikispaces.com/1)+Installation+on+Linux

http://blog.163.com/dingmz_frcmyblog/blog/static/217304023201321310532566/

http://bbs.ednchina.com/BLOG_ARTICLE_277614.HTM

http://www.arm9home.net/read.php?tid-15163.html

http://www.arm9home.net/simple/index.php?t15163.html

http://www.arm9home.net/read.php?tid-80418.html

http://www.arm9home.net/read.php?tid-8386.html

《OpenCV教程基礎篇》

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