核心動畫——CAAnimation,核心caanimation
1.什麼是核心動畫?
核心動畫——CAAnimation,採用了CAMediaTiming協議,可以調整時間,包括期間,速度,重複次數;採用了CAAction協議,可以通過響應動作的方式來顯示動畫,CAAnimation又分為隱式動畫和顯示動畫。
CAAnimation的一些衍生類別:
CAPropertyAnimation:屬性動畫,通過改變屬性值產生動畫效果
<1>CABasicAnimation:基礎動畫,只能是兩個點之間的變化 提供了對單一動畫的實現
CASpringAnimation:彈簧動畫 (彈動效果)
<2>CAKeyframeAnimation:主要畫面格動畫, 可以添加多個點的變化或者添加路徑可以定義行動路線
CAAnimationGroup:動畫組,可以同時添加多種動畫達到預期效果
CATransition:轉場動畫, 給視圖切換的時候添加動畫效
下面給大家畫一個結構圖,可以讓大家更容易的瞭解
CALayer:圖層 隱式動畫
UIView:視圖 可以跟使用者互動,rootLayer 發生改變子圖層也會發生改變,rootLayer沒有動畫效果
CALayer: 不可以跟使用者互動 只能顯示內容,當發生改變子圖層不會跟隨發生改變,本身內建動畫效果(改變屬性效果的時候),屬於隱式動畫
CALayer可以設定的屬性
@property CGRect bounds;邊境範圍
@property CGPoint position;中心點
@property CGFloat zPosition;z軸中心點
@property CGPoint anchorPoint;anchorPoint 錨點
@property CGFloat anchorPointZ;Z軸錨點
@property CATransform3D transform;轉換形態
@property CGRect frame;NO. Animatable 座標
@property(getter=isHidden) BOOL hidden;隱藏
@property(getter=isDoubleSided) BOOL doubleSided;圖層背面是否顯示
@property(getter=isGeometryFlipped) BOOL geometryFlipped;翻轉 顛倒
@property BOOL masksToBounds;裁切邊境
@property(nullable, strong) id contents;內容
@property(getter=isOpaque) BOOL opaque;不透明度
@property BOOL allowsEdgeAntialiasing;是否使用 變形後的消除鋸齒
@property(nullable) CGColorRef backgroundColor;背景顏色
@property CGFloat borderWidth;邊框寬
@property(nullable) CGColorRef borderColor;邊框顏色
@property float opacity;不透明度
@property(nullable) CGColorRef shadowColor;陰影顏色
@property float shadowOpacity;陰影不透明度
@property CGFloat rasterizationScale;防止Retina螢幕像素化
@property CGSize shadowOffset;陰影位移
@property CGFloat shadowRadius;陰影的半徑
✮✮錨點的最大值是1,1 最小值是0,0 預設值是0.5,0.5當視圖改變的時候是以錨點為基點去改變的
錨點的值與位置
0,0 = 在圖層的左上方
0,1 = 圖層的左下角
1,0 = 圖層的右上方
1,1 = 在圖層的右下角
錨點的計算公式:錨點值 = 錨點在視圖上的位置.x.y/視圖的寬高
下面就鐘錶為例介紹一下核心動畫:
#import "ViewController.h"#define Angle(a) (a)*M_PI/180#define SAngle 6 //每秒旋轉多少度@interface ViewController (){ CALayer *layer; float s;}@property(nonatomic,strong)CALayer *pointLayer;@property(nonatomic,strong)CALayer *minuteLayer;@property(nonatomic,strong)CALayer *SecondtLayer;@end@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; //**圖層不能跟使用者互動,不能添加響應事件 //初始化CALayer addSubLayer:添加到父圖層的方法 /* layer = [CALayer layer]; layer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100); layer.cornerRadius = 50; layer.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor].CGColor; [self.view.layer addSublayer:layer]; */ UIImageView *image = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.width)]; image.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"biaopan"]; image.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit; image.center = self.view.center; [self.view addSubview:image]; self.SecondtLayer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 0.9); self.SecondtLayer.contents = (id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"miaozhen"].CGImage; self.minuteLayer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 0.9); self.minuteLayer.contents = (id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"fenzhen"].CGImage; self.pointLayer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 0.9); //圖層上要的是顏色CGColorRef 圖片CGImageRef self.pointLayer.contents = (id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"shizhen"].CGImage; [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self selector:@selector(start) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];}- (void)start{ //日曆的一個類NSCalendar 獲得年月日時分秒 //NSDateComponents 組件 NSCalendar *calendar = [NSCalendar currentCalendar]; ///(NSCalendarUnit)需要的組件 獲得哪個日期的組件 NSDateComponents *component = [calendar components:NSCalendarUnitHour|NSCalendarUnitMinute|NSCalendarUnitSecond fromDate:[NSDate date]]; s = component.second*SAngle; self.SecondtLayer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(Angle(s),0, 0, 1); self.SecondtLayer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 0.9); self.SecondtLayer.contents = (id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"miaozhen"].CGImage; float m = component.minute*SAngle; self.minuteLayer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(Angle(m),0, 0, 1); self.minuteLayer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 0.9); self.minuteLayer.contents = (id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"fenzhen"].CGImage; float h = component.hour*SAngle; self.pointLayer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(Angle(h), 0, 0, 1); self.pointLayer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 0.9); self.pointLayer.contents = (id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"shizhen"].CGImage;}- (CALayer *)pointLayer{ if (_pointLayer) { return _pointLayer; } _pointLayer = [CALayer layer]; _pointLayer.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 29, 200); _pointLayer.position = self.view.center; [self.view.layer addSublayer:_pointLayer]; return _pointLayer;}- (CALayer *)minuteLayer{ if (_minuteLayer) { return _minuteLayer; } _minuteLayer = [CALayer layer]; _minuteLayer.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 21, 210); _minuteLayer.position = self.view.center; [self.view.layer addSublayer:_minuteLayer]; return _minuteLayer;}- (CALayer *)SecondtLayer{ if (_SecondtLayer) { return _SecondtLayer; } _SecondtLayer = [CALayer layer]; _SecondtLayer.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 21, 230); _SecondtLayer.position = self.view.center; [self.view.layer addSublayer:_SecondtLayer]; return _SecondtLayer;}- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{ /* UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject]; layer.position = [touch locationInView:self.view]; CGFloat width = CGRectGetWidth(layer.bounds)!= 100?100:25; layer.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, width, width); CGColorRef color = [UIColor lightGrayColor].CGColor != layer.backgroundColor?[UIColor lightGrayColor].CGColor:[UIColor yellowColor].CGColor; layer.backgroundColor = color; layer.shadowColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor; layer.geometryFlipped = YES; layer.cornerRadius = layer.cornerRadius != 50?50:0; //圖層的透明度 layer.opacity = 0; */ //緢點 self.SecondtLayer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(Angle(Angle(60)), 0, 0, 1); self.minuteLayer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(Angle(s/60), 0, 0, 1); self.pointLayer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(Angle(s/360), 0, 0, 1); }- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{ //layer.opacity = 1; self.pointLayer.transform = CATransform3DIdentity; }@end
效果如下: