啟動sshd時,報“Could not load host key”錯_PHP教程

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啟動sshd時,報“Could not load host key”錯


現象:啟動sshd服務時,雖看似服務啟動成功,但用戶端並不能串連上sshd伺服器端。
如下:
 
  1. [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# /usr/sbin/sshd
  2. Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
  3. Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
  4. Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

原因:
1. 從提示資訊看是sshd守護進程不能載入主機密鑰檔案,因為找不到這些密鑰檔案(設定檔/etc/ssh/sshd_config中已定義密鑰檔案名稱與路徑);
2. 一般openssh服務正常安裝後,主機會自動產生相應的主機密鑰檔案,但這裡因未知原因並沒有完成這一步動作,導致無法遠程ssh串連。

檢查密鑰檔案是否存在(還有一種現象為:密鑰檔案存在,但檔案大小為0):
 
  1. [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ll /etc/ssh/
  2. total 252
  3. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 242153 Mar 21 22:18 moduli
  4. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2208 Mar 21 22:18 ssh_config
  5. -rw------- 1 root root 4361 Mar 21 22:18 sshd_config

重建主機密鑰檔案:
1. 產生rsa_key (-t表示產生的密鑰所使用的加密類型;-f項後接要產生的密鑰檔案名稱);
 
  1. [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
  2. Generating public/private rsa key pair.
  3. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
  4. Enter same passphrase again:
  5. Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.
  6. Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub.
  7. The key fingerprint is:
  8. 5e:2d:19:51:b1:e3:e0:60:65:53:e4:14:f8:d8:38:af root@aefe8007a17d
  9. The key's randomart image is:
  10. +--[ RSA 2048]----+
  11. | ==Bo |
  12. | o.= . |
  13. | o o=+ |
  14. | . o+*o. |
  15. | S =oo |
  16. | . . .. |
  17. | . . |
  18. | E |
  19. | |
  20. +-----------------+
  21. [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key

2. 產生ecdsa_key;
 
  1. [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
3. 產生ed25519_key。
 
  1. [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

再次檢查密鑰檔案是否存在且合規,可以看到已產生相應主機密鑰檔案(實際上主機密鑰檔案為私密金鑰,.pub檔案為公開金鑰):
 
  1. [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ll /etc/ssh/
  2. total 276
  3. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 242153 Mar 21 22:18 moduli
  4. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2208 Mar 21 22:18 ssh_config
  5. -rw------- 1 root root 227 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ecdsa_key
  6. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 179 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
  7. -rw------- 1 root root 411 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ed25519_key
  8. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub
  9. -rw------- 1 root root 1679 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_rsa_key
  10. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 399 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
  11. -rw------- 1 root root 4361 Mar 21 22:18 sshd_config

此時用戶端可ssh串連上sshd伺服器端:
 
  1. [root@localhost ~]# ssh 172.17.0.2
  2. The authenticity of host '172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2)'can't be established.
    ECDSA key fingerprint is 37:2a:69:46:c4:bd:92:b2:43:b4:cc:42:41:8e:12:2e.
    Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

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