在RHEL6上建立裸裝置

標籤：rhel6   裸裝置   

如果想在Linux中安裝oracle軟體，並且使用裸裝置方式建庫，那麼直接使用lvcreate是不會為我們建立出字元裝置的，本文主要討論如何對邏輯卷建立字元裝置。作業系統使用的是RHEL6u4 64bit

$ uname -a

Linux oracle11.cc 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jan 29 11:47:41 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

邏輯卷怎麼建立略過，先看一下我當前系統有哪些邏輯卷

$ ls -l /dev/vg00/*m

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/control1_16m -> ../dm-9

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/control2_16m -> ../dm-10

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/redo1_128m -> ../dm-11

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/redo2_128m -> ../dm-12

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/redo3_128m -> ../dm-13

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/spfile_16m -> ../dm-14

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/sysaux_1024m -> ../dm-5

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/system_1024m -> ../dm-4

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/temp_512m -> ../dm-6

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/undo_512m -> ../dm-7

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/vg00/user_16m -> ../dm-8

使用udev的方式把塊裝置檔案對應成字元裝置檔案

如果在rhel5中可以使用/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices 這個檔案寫映射，挺方便的。但是RHEL6中就找不到這個了。那麼我們看一下怎麼使用udev方式對他們映射的吧。

首先找到塊裝置的 MAJOR 和 MINOR

因為上面/dev/vg00 目錄下的檔案是軟串連，所以需要直接查看所對應的塊裝置檔案。

# id root

uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

# ls -l /dev/dm-{4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14}

brw-rw---- 1 root   disk 253, 10 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-10

brw-rw---- 1 root   disk 253, 11 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-11

brw-rw---- 1 root   disk 253, 12 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-12

brw-rw---- 1 root   disk 253, 13 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-13

brw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  253, 14 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-14

brw-rw---- 1 root   disk 253,  4 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-4

brw-rw---- 1 root   disk 253,  5 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-5

brw-rw---- 1 root   disk 253,  6 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-6

brw-rw---- 1 root   disk 253,  7 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-7

brw-rw---- 1 root   disk 253,  8 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-8

brw-rw---- 1 root   disk 253,  9 Jul  5 20:37 /dev/dm-9

其中第五列就是MAJOR 第六列就是MINOR，比如/dev/dm-0的 MAJOR就是253，MINOR就是0

那麼這兩個參數是怎麼使用的呢？

通過下面方法開啟規則檔案，範例都在裡面呢。

# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules 

（我對60-raw.rules原文進行縮排處理）

    # Enter raw device bindings here.

    #

    # An example would be:

    #   ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"

    # to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or

    #   ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"

    # to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.

範例中提到，有兩種寫raw映射的方法。第一種就是本文將要使用的。第二種一看就能看明白。

寫法比較固定，例如：

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="4", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="5", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="6", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="7", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="8", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="9", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="10", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw7 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="11", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw8 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="12", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw9 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="13", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw10 %M %m"

ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="253", ENV{MINOR}=="14", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw11 %M %m"

# start_udev

Starting udev: [  OK  ]

查詢一下，發現裸裝置已經出現了，但是許可權還是root，需要在60-raw.rules 中添加授權語句。

# ls -l /dev/raw

total 0

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162,  1 Jul  6 00:01 raw1

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 10 Jul  6 00:01 raw10

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 11 Jul  6 00:01 raw11

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162,  2 Jul  6 00:01 raw2

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162,  3 Jul  6 00:01 raw3

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162,  4 Jul  6 00:01 raw4

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162,  5 Jul  6 00:01 raw5

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162,  6 Jul  6 00:01 raw6

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162,  7 Jul  6 00:01 raw7

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162,  8 Jul  6 00:01 raw8

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162,  9 Jul  6 00:01 raw9

crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162,  0 Jul  6 00:01 rawctl

添加授權語句

KERNEL=="raw[0-9]*", NAME="raw/%k" OWNER="oracle" GROUP="dba", MODE="0660"

# star_udev

# ll /dev/raw

total 0

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162,  1 Jul  6 00:05 raw1

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162, 10 Jul  6 00:05 raw10

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162, 11 Jul  6 00:05 raw11

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162,  2 Jul  6 00:05 raw2

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162,  3 Jul  6 00:05 raw3

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162,  4 Jul  6 00:05 raw4

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162,  5 Jul  6 00:05 raw5

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162,  6 Jul  6 00:05 raw6

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162,  7 Jul  6 00:05 raw7

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162,  8 Jul  6 00:05 raw8

crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba  162,  9 Jul  6 00:05 raw9

crw-rw---- 1 root   disk 162,  0 Jul  6 00:05 rawctl

# 

# raw -qa

/dev/raw/raw1:  bound to major 253, minor 4

/dev/raw/raw2:  bound to major 253, minor 5

/dev/raw/raw3:  bound to major 253, minor 6

/dev/raw/raw4:  bound to major 253, minor 7

/dev/raw/raw5:  bound to major 253, minor 8

/dev/raw/raw6:  bound to major 253, minor 9

/dev/raw/raw7:  bound to major 253, minor 10

/dev/raw/raw8:  bound to major 253, minor 11

/dev/raw/raw9:  bound to major 253, minor 12

/dev/raw/raw10: bound to major 253, minor 13

/dev/raw/raw11: bound to major 253, minor 14

http://blog.itpub.net/23135684/viewspace-696799/

http://www.dswcomputersystems.co.uk/howtos-2/informix-howtos/configuring-raw-disks-on-rhel-6/