在網上看到eygle寫的一篇關於分區表和本地索引的文章,感覺總結的挺好,特轉了過來。
Oracle的分區技術在某些條件下可以極大的提高查詢的效能,所以被廣泛採用。從產品上說,分區技術是Oracle企業版中獨立收費的一個組件。以下是對於分區及本地索引的一個樣本。
首先根據字典表建立一個測試分區表:
SQL> connect eygle/eygle
Connected. SQL> CREATE TABLE dbobjs 2 (OBJECT_ID NUMBER NOT NULL, 3 OBJECT_NAME varchar2(128), 4 CREATED DATE NOT NULL 5 ) 6 PARTITION BY RANGE (CREATED) 7 (PARTITION dbobjs_06 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01/01/2007', 'DD/MM/YYYY')), 8 PARTITION dbobjs_07 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01/01/2008', 'DD/MM/YYYY'))); Table created. SQL> COL segment_name for a20 SQL> COL PARTITION_NAME for a20 SQL> SELECT segment_name, partition_name, tablespace_name 2 FROM dba_segments 3 WHERE segment_name = 'DBOBJS'; SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ DBOBJS DBOBJS_06 EYGLE DBOBJS DBOBJS_07 EYGLE |
建立一個Local索引,注意這裡可以將不同分區的索引指定建立到不同的資料表空間:
SQL> CREATE INDEX dbobjs_idx ON dbobjs (created) LOCAL
2 (PARTITION dbobjs_06 TABLESPACE users, 3 PARTITION dbobjs_07 TABLESPACE users 4 ); Index created. |
這個子句可以進一步調整為類似:
CREATE INDEX dbobjs_idx ON dbobjs (created) LOCAL
(PARTITION dbobjs_06 TABLESPACE users, PARTITION dbobjs_07 TABLESPACE users ) TABLESPACE users; |
通過統一的tablespace子句為索引指定資料表空間。
SQL> COL segment_name for a20
SQL> COL PARTITION_NAME for a20 SQL> SELECT segment_name, partition_name, tablespace_name 2 FROM dba_segments 3 WHERE segment_name = 'DBOBJS_IDX'; SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ DBOBJS_IDX DBOBJS_06 USERS DBOBJS_IDX DBOBJS_07 USERS SQL> insert into dbobjs 2 select object_id,object_name,created 3 from dba_objects where created 6227 rows created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select count(*) from dbobjs partition (DBOBJS_06); COUNT(*) ---------- 6154 SQL> select count(*) from dbobjs partition (dbobjs_07); COUNT(*) ---------- 73 |
我們可以通過查詢來對比一下分區表和非分區表的查詢效能差異:
SQL> set autotrace on SQL> select count(*) from dbobjs where created < to_date('01/01/2008','dd/mm/yyyy');
COUNT(*) ---------- 6227 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=9) 1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE) 2 1 PARTITION RANGE (ALL) 3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'DBOBJS_IDX' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=2 Card=8 Bytes=72) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 25 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 380 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed SQL> select count(*) from dbobjs where created < to_date('01/01/2007','dd/mm/yyyy');
COUNT(*) ---------- 6154 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=9) 1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE) 2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'DBOBJS_IDX' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=2 Card=4 Bytes=36) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 24 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 380 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed SQL> select count(distinct(object_name)) from dbobjs where created < to_date('01/01/2007','dd/mm/yyyy');
COUNT(DISTINCT(OBJECT_NAME)) ---------------------------- 4753 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=75) 1 0 SORT (GROUP BY) 2 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID) OF 'DBOBJS' (Cost=1 Card=4 Bytes=300) 3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'DBOBJS_IDX' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=2 Card=1) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 101 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 400 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 1 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed |
對於非分區表的測試:
SQL> CREATE TABLE dbobjs2
2 (object_id NUMBER NOT NULL, 3 object_name VARCHAR2(128), 4 created DATE NOT NULL 5 ); Table created. SQL> CREATE INDEX dbobjs_idx2 ON dbobjs2 (created); Index created. SQL> insert into dbobjs2 2 select object_id,object_name,created 3 from dba_objects where created 6227 rows created. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select count(distinct(object_name)) from dbobjs2 where created < to_date('01/01/2007','dd/mm/yyyy');
COUNT(DISTINCT(OBJECT_NAME)) ---------------------------- 4753 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE 1 0 SORT (GROUP BY) 2 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'DBOBJS2' 3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'DBOBJS_IDX2' (NON-UNIQUE) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 2670 consistent gets 0 physical reads 1332 redo size 400 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 1 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed |
當增加表分區時,LOCAL索引被自動維護:
SQL> ALTER TABLE dbobjs 2 ADD PARTITION dbobjs_08 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01/01/2009', 'DD/MM/YYYY'));
Table altered. SQL> set autotrace off SQL> COL segment_name for a20 SQL> COL PARTITION_NAME for a20 SQL> SELECT segment_name, partition_name, tablespace_name 2 FROM dba_segments 3 WHERE segment_name = 'DBOBJS_IDX'; SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ DBOBJS_IDX DBOBJS_06 USERS DBOBJS_IDX DBOBJS_07 USERS DBOBJS_IDX DBOBJS_08 EYGLE SQL> SELECT segment_name, partition_name, tablespace_name 2 FROM dba_segments 3 WHERE segment_name = 'DBOBJS'; SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ DBOBJS DBOBJS_06 EYGLE DBOBJS DBOBJS_07 EYGLE DBOBJS DBOBJS_08 EYGLE |
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