Android中自訂屬性（attrs.xml，TypedArray的使用）

標籤：

做Android布局是件很享受的事，這得益於他良好的xml方式。使用xml可以快速有效為軟體定義程式介面。可是有時候我們總感覺官方定義的一些基本組件不夠用，自訂群組件就不可避免了。那麼如何才能做到像官方提供的那些組件一樣用xml來定義他的屬性呢？現在我們就來討論一下他的用法。
1、添加檔案attrs.xml，位於res\values目錄下：

1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <resources> 3     <declare-styleable name="myView"> 4         <attr name="textColor" format="color"/> 5         <attr name="textSize" format="dimension"/> 6     </declare-styleable> 7 </resources>

2、建立自訂控制項：

按 Ctrl+C 複製代碼按 Ctrl+C 複製代碼

3、在Activity布局檔案中使用自訂控制項：

按 Ctrl+C 複製代碼按 Ctrl+C 複製代碼

 

附：Android中自訂屬性的格式詳解
1. reference：參考某一資源ID。
    （1）屬性定義：
            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
            </declare-styleable>
    （2）屬性使用：
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/圖片ID"
                     />
2. color：顏色值。
    （1）屬性定義：
            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    （2）屬性使用：
            <TextView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"
                     />
3. boolean：布爾值。
    （1）屬性定義：
            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
            </declare-styleable>
    （2）屬性使用：
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    android:focusable = "true"
                    />
4. dimension：尺寸值。
    （1）屬性定義：
            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
            </declare-styleable>
    （2）屬性使用：
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    />
5. float：浮點值。
    （1）屬性定義：
            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
            </declare-styleable>
    （2）屬性使用：
            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"
                   />
6. integer：整型值。
    （1）屬性定義：
            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    （2）屬性使用：
            <animated-rotate
                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                   android:drawable = "@drawable/圖片ID" 
                   android:pivotX = "50%" 
                   android:pivotY = "50%" 
                   android:framesCount = "12" 
                   android:frameDuration = "100"
                   />
7. string：字串。
    （1）屬性定義：
            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>
    （2）屬性使用：
            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
                    />
8. fraction：百分數。
    （1）屬性定義：
            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    （2）屬性使用：
            <rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
　　             android:interpolator = "@anim/動畫ID"
                 android:fromDegrees = "0"
　　             android:toDegrees = "360"
                 android:pivotX = "200%"
                 android:pivotY = "300%"
　　             android:duration = "5000"
                 android:repeatMode = "restart"
                 android:repeatCount = "infinite"
                   />
9. enum：枚舉值。
    （1）屬性定義：
            <declare-styleable name="名稱">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>           
            </declare-styleable>
    （2）屬性使用：
            <LinearLayout
                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>
10. flag：位或運算。
     （1）屬性定義：
             <declare-styleable name="名稱">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>        
             </declare-styleable>
     （2）屬性使用：
            <activity
                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged　|　stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>

             </activity>
     注意：
     屬性定義時可以指定多種類型值。
    （1）屬性定義：
            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    （2）屬性使用：
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/圖片ID|#00FF00"
                     />

Android中自訂屬性（attrs.xml，TypedArray的使用）