詳解Python中類的定義與使用，詳解python定義

詳解Python中類的定義與使用，詳解python定義

類顧名思義，就是一類事物、或者叫做執行個體，它用來描述具有共同特徵的一類事物。我們在python中聲明類的關鍵詞是class，類還有功能和屬性，屬性就是這類事物的特徵，而功能就是它能做什麼，也是就是方法或者函數。我們仍然用例子來說明問題。

目標：

　　1.類的定義

　　2.父類，子類定義，以及子類調用父類

　　3.類的組合使用

　　4.內建功能

1.類的定義

代碼如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf8class Hotel(object):  """docstring for Hotel"""  def __init__(self, room, cf=1.0, br=15):    self.room = room    self.cf = cf    self.br = br  def cacl_all(self, days=1):    return (self.room * self.cf + self.br) * daysif __name__ == '__main__':  stdroom = Hotel(200)  big_room = Hotel(230, 0.9)  print stdroom.cacl_all()  print stdroom.cacl_all(2)  print big_room.cacl_all()  print big_room.cacl_all(3)

2.父類、子類以及調用父類

代碼如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# 父類class AddBook(object):  def __init__(self, name, phone):    self.name = name    self.phone = phone  def get_phone(self):    return self.phone# 子類，繼承class EmplEmail(AddBook):  def __init__(self, nm, ph, email):    # AddBook.__init__(self, nm, ph) # 調用父類方法一    super(EmplEmail, self).__init__(nm, ph) # 調用父類方法二    self.email = email  def get_email(self):    return self.email# 調用if __name__ == "__main__":  Detian = AddBook('handetian', '18210413001')  Meng = AddBook('shaomeng', '18210413002')  print Detian.get_phone()  print AddBook.get_phone(Meng)  alice = EmplEmail('alice', '18210418888', 'alice@xkops.com')  print alice.get_email(), alice.get_phone()

3.類的組合使用

代碼如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-'''1.class類的組合使用2.手機、郵箱、QQ等是可以變化的（定義在一起），姓名不可變（單獨定義）。3.在另一個類中引用'''class Info(object):  def __init__(self, phone, email, qq):    self.phone = phone    self.email = email    self.qq = qq  def get_phone(self):    return self.phone  def update_phone(self, newphone):    self.phone = newphone    print "手機號更改已更改"  def get_email(self):    return self.emailclass AddrBook(object):  '''docstring for AddBook'''  def __init__(self, name, phone, email, qq):    self.name = name    self.info = Info(phone, email, qq)if __name__ == "__main__":  Detian = AddrBook('handetian', '18210413001', 'detian@xkops.com', '123456')  print Detian.info.get_phone()  Detian.info.update_phone(18210413002)  print Detian.info.get_phone()  print Detian.info.get_email()

4.內建功能(函數（）加與不加的區別）

代碼如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf8class Books(object):  def __init__(self, title, author):    self.title = title    self.author = author  def __str__(self):    return self.title  def __repr__(self):    return self.title  def __call__(self):    print "%s is written by %s" %(self.title, self.author)if __name__ == '__main__':  pybook = Books('Core Python', 'Wesley')  print pybook  pybook()

#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf8class Number(object):  """Custum object  add/radd -> +;   sub/rsub -> -;  mul/rmul -> *;  div/rdiv -> /;  """  def __init__(self, number):    self.number = number  def __add__(self, other):    return self.number + other      def __radd__(self, other):    return self.number + other  def __sub__(self, other):    return self.number - other  def __rsub__(self, other):    return other - self.number  def __gt__(self, other):    if self.number > other:      return True    return Falseif __name__ == '__main__':  num = Number(10)  print num + 20  print 30 + num  print num - 5  print 11 - num  print num > 20

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