Oracle 12c CDB 和PDB 資料庫的啟動與關閉 說明,12cpdb
在Oracle 12c中,分CDB 和PDB,他們的啟動和關閉操作整理如下。
1 Container Database (CDB)
對於CDB,啟動和關閉與之前傳統的方式一樣,具體文法如下:
STARTUP[NOMOUNT | MOUNT | RESTRICT | UPGRADE | FORCE | READ ONLY]
SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE | ABORT]
要注意,在12c資料庫建立完成後,預設情況下使用sqlplus / as sysdba 登入串連的是CDB。
[oracle@Ora12c~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus:Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Thu Apr 24 17:50:34 2014
Copyright(c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rightsreserved.
Connectedto:
OracleDatabase 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Withthe Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL>show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL>
SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
2 4088301206 F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE
我們現在串連的是CDB,即root container。
我們關閉CDB:
SQL>shutdown immediate
Databaseclosed.
Databasedismounted.
ORACLEinstance shut down.
我們關閉CDB之前PDB 是沒有關閉的,所以這個操作也會把PDB 關閉掉。
SQL>startup
ORACLEinstance started.
TotalSystem Global Area 1269366784 bytes
FixedSize 2287912 bytes
VariableSize 788530904 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 469762048 bytes
RedoBuffers 8785920 bytes
Databasemounted.
Databaseopened.
SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_modefrom v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA MOUNTED
注意這裡的PDB,在CDB 啟動之,PDB 是自動啟動到mount狀態,而不是OPEN。 所以我們還需要手工去open它,當然,也可以通過在CDB中配置觸發器來自動open。
2 Pluggable Database (PDB)
PDB 的操作可以通過SQL*PLUS 來操作,也可以通過ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE 命令操作。
2.1 使用SQL*Plus 命令
因為預設串連的是CDB,所以必須先指定PDB才可以通過sqlplus來啟動和關閉PDB,
具體文法和普通執行個體一樣:
STARTUPFORCE;
STARTUPOPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICT];
STARTUPOPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICT];
STARTUPUPGRADE;
SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE];
SQL>show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL>selectcon_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE
-------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------
2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA MOUNTED
注意這裡是mount,表示PDB 是關閉的。
--指定PDB 資料庫:
SQL>alter session set container=pdbcndba;
Sessionaltered.
SQL>startup
PluggableDatabase opened.
SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE
-------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------
3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE
SQL>
啟動成功。 當我們切換到PDB之後,就看不到seed PDB的資訊了。
2.2 使用ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE命令
如果在PDB中可以使用如下文法:
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED];
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];
如果是在CDB中,可以使用如下文法:
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED][FORCE];
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED];
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];
<pdd-name-clause>表示的是多個PDB,如果有多個,用逗號分開。 也可以使用ALL或者ALL EXCEPT關鍵字來替代。
ALL:表示所有的PDBS。
ALLEXCEPT 表示需要排除的PDBS。
如:
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 OPEN READ ONLY FORCE;
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 OPEN;
ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;
樣本:
SQL>alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;
Sessionaltered.
SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE
-------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------
2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA READ WRITE
SQL>ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE ;
Pluggabledatabase altered.
SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE
-------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------
2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787PDBCNDBA MOUNTED
SQL>alter session set container=pdbcndba;
Sessionaltered.
SQL>ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN;
Pluggabledatabase altered.
SQL> select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_modefrom v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE
-------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------
3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787PDBCNDBA READ WRITE
3 設定Pluggable Database (PDB) 的自動startup
預設情況下,在CDB 啟動的時候,all 的PDB 都是mount狀態,也沒有預設的機制,在CDB啟動時自動啟動PDB。
但這裡可以通過觸發器來實現PDB的自動open:
CREATEOR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs
AFTER STARTUP ON DATABASE
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN';
END open_pdbs;
/
樣本:
SQL>show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDBCNDBA
SQL>alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;
Sessionaltered.
SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs
2 AFTER STARTUP ON DATABASE
3 BEGIN
4 EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN';
5 ENDopen_pdbs;
6 /
Triggercreated.
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