詳解iOS多線程之2.NSThread的加鎖@synchronized_IOS

那什麼時候需要加鎖呢，就是當多條線程同時操作一個變數時，就需要加鎖了。

上代碼

聲明變數

@interface ViewController ()@property (strong, nonatomic)NSThread *thread1;@property (strong, nonatomic)NSThread *thread2;@property (strong, nonatomic)NSThread *thread3;@property (assign, nonatomic)int leftTickets;@end

實現代碼

- (void)viewDidLoad {  [super viewDidLoad];    self.thread1 = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];  self.thread2 = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];  self.thread3 = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(sellTickets) object:nil];  self.thread1.name = @"thread1";  self.thread2.name = @"thread2";  self.thread3.name = @"thread3";  // 總票數  self.leftTickets = 10;}// 點擊螢幕開啟線程- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {  [self.thread1 start];  [self.thread2 start];  [self.thread3 start];}- (void)sellTickets {  while (1) {    @synchronized (self) {      if (self.leftTickets > 0) {        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.2];        int count = self.leftTickets;        self.leftTickets = count - 1;        NSLog(@"剩餘的票數%d",self.leftTickets);        NSLog(@"當前線程=%@", [NSThread currentThread]);      }else {        NSLog(@"票賣完了");        NSLog(@"退出線程%@",[NSThread currentThread]);        [NSThread exit];      }    }  }}

列印日誌

2016-11-04 11:52:25.117 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 剩餘的票數9
2016-11-04 11:52:25.117 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000073880>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 11:52:25.393 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 剩餘的票數8
2016-11-04 11:52:25.393 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074540>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 11:52:25.661 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 剩餘的票數7
2016-11-04 11:52:25.661 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074580>{number = 5, name = thread3}
2016-11-04 11:52:25.932 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 剩餘的票數6
2016-11-04 11:52:25.933 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000073880>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 11:52:26.164 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 剩餘的票數5
2016-11-04 11:52:26.165 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074540>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 11:52:26.438 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 剩餘的票數4
2016-11-04 11:52:26.439 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074580>{number = 5, name = thread3}
2016-11-04 11:52:26.704 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 剩餘的票數3
2016-11-04 11:52:26.705 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000073880>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 11:52:26.975 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 剩餘的票數2
2016-11-04 11:52:26.976 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074540>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 11:52:27.232 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 剩餘的票數1
2016-11-04 11:52:27.233 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74164] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000074580>{number = 5, name = thread3}
2016-11-04 11:52:27.505 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 剩餘的票數0
2016-11-04 11:52:27.505 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74162] 當前線程=<NSThread: x608000073880>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 11:52:27.505 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 11:52:27.506 TTTTTTTTTT[6753:74163] 退出線程<NSThread: x608000074540>{number = 4, name = thread2}

我們一般用@synchronized來給線程加鎖。它有什麼用呢：

（1） 堵塞所線上程，線程裡面剩下的任務只有當@synchronized裡面的代碼執行完畢才能繼續往下執行，和隊列的同步差不多是一個意思。
​

（2）當執行@synchronized裡面的代碼之前，所線上程要先檢查是否有其他的線程執行裡面的代碼。如果沒有，才繼續往下執行。

再看列印日誌裡面最後一條，說明了只有線程“thread3”退出了，其他的線程沒有退出。

我上篇文章講，不用管線程的退出，任務執行完線程會自動結束。但是這是一個while迴圈啊！如果不退出線程，線程會一直執行。

- (void)sellTickets {  while (1) {    @synchronized (self) {      if (self.leftTickets > 0) {        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.2];        int count = self.leftTickets;        self.leftTickets = count - 1;        NSLog(@"剩餘的票數%d",self.leftTickets);        NSLog(@"當前線程=%@", [NSThread currentThread]);      }else {        NSLog(@"票賣完了");        NSLog(@"退出線程%@",[NSThread currentThread]);        // 不讓線程退出        //[NSThread exit];      }    }  }}

列印的日誌

2016-11-04 12:01:53.309 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78974] 當前線程=<NSThread: x600000076f40>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 12:01:53.556 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78973] 剩餘的票數0
2016-11-04 12:01:53.556 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78973] 當前線程=<NSThread: x600000076fc0>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 12:01:53.556 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78975] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 12:01:53.557 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78975] 退出線程<NSThread: x600000077240>{number = 5, name = thread3}
2016-11-04 12:01:53.558 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78974] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 12:01:53.559 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78974] 退出線程<NSThread: x600000076f40>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 12:01:53.560 TTTTTTTTTT[7110:78973] 票賣完了

那又為什麼只有線程thread2退出呢？（註：每次退出的線程是不確定的）因為當線程thread2退出了，並沒有執行完@synchronized裡的方法，線程thread1和線程thread3還在等thread2執行完了，它們好去執行呢。但是線程thread2已經死了，不可能再執行了。這就造成線程thread1和線程thread3一直都在記憶體裡，沒有被退出，造成了CPU不必要的開銷，所以我們最好不要在@synchronized裡面退出線程。

- (void)sellTickets {  while (1) {    @synchronized (self) {      if (self.leftTickets > 0) {        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.2];        int count = self.leftTickets;        self.leftTickets = count - 1;        NSLog(@"剩餘的票數%d",self.leftTickets);        NSLog(@"當前線程=%@", [NSThread currentThread]);      }    }    if (self.leftTickets == 0) {      NSLog(@"票賣完了");      NSLog(@"退出線程%@",[NSThread currentThread]);      [NSThread exit];    }  }}

2016-11-04 12:06:51.795 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81206] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 12:06:51.795 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81207] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 12:06:51.795 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81208] 票賣完了
2016-11-04 12:06:51.796 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81206] 退出線程<NSThread: x60000026a3c0>{number = 3, name = thread1}
2016-11-04 12:06:51.796 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81207] 退出線程<NSThread: x60000026a380>{number = 4, name = thread2}
2016-11-04 12:06:51.796 TTTTTTTTTT[7295:81208] 退出線程<NSThread: x60000026a740>{number = 5, name = thread3}

這就是NSThread加鎖以及加鎖的一些注意事項。如果感覺對你有用，記得關注啊，也希望大家多多支援雲棲社區。