iOS手勢識別的詳細使用方法(拖動,縮放,旋轉,點擊,手勢依賴,自訂手勢)_IOS

來源:互聯網
上載者:User

手勢識別在iOS上非常重要,手勢操作行動裝置的重要特徵,極大的增加了行動裝置使用便捷性。

1、UIGestureRecognizer介紹

手勢識別在iOS上非常重要,手勢操作行動裝置的重要特徵,極大的增加了行動裝置使用便捷性。

iOS系統在3.2以後,為方便開發這使用一些常用的手勢,提供了UIGestureRecognizer類。手勢識別UIGestureRecognizer類是個抽象類別,下面的子類是具體的手勢,開發這可以直接使用這些手勢識別。

  • UITapGestureRecognizer 
  • UIPinchGestureRecognizer
  • UIRotationGestureRecognizer
  • UISwipeGestureRecognizer
  • UIPanGestureRecognizer
  • UILongPressGestureRecognizer

上面的手勢對應的操作是:

  • Tap(點一下)
  • Pinch(二指往內或往撥出動,平時經常用到的縮放)
  • Rotation(旋轉)
  • Swipe(滑動,快速移動)
  • Pan (拖移,慢速移動)
  •  LongPress(長按)

UIGestureRecognizer的繼承關係如下:

2、使用手勢的步驟

使用手勢很簡單,分為兩步:

建立手勢執行個體。當建立手勢時,指定一個回調方法,當手勢開始,改變、或結束時,回調方法被調用。

添加到需要識別的View中。每個手勢只對應一個View,當螢幕觸摸在View的邊界內時,如果手勢和預定的一樣,那就會回調方法。

ps:一個手勢只能對應一個View,但是一個View可以有多個手勢。

建議在真機上運行這些手勢,模擬器操作不太方便,可能導致你認為手勢失效。

3、Pan 拖動手勢:

UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]]; snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]                         initWithTarget:self                         action:@selector(handlePan:)];   [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer]; [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]]; [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView]; 

建立一個ImageView,然後添加手勢

回調方法:

- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer {   CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];   recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,                   recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);   [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];    } 

4、Pinch縮放手勢

UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]                             initWithTarget:self                             action:@selector(handlePinch:)];<p class="p1">[<span class="s1">snakeImageView</span> <span class="s2">addGestureRecognizer</span>:pinchGestureRecognizer];</p> 
- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer {   recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);   recognizer.scale = 1; } 

5、Rotation旋轉手勢

UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]                          initWithTarget:self                          action:@selector(handleRotate:)]; [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer]; 
- (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer {   recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);   recognizer.rotation = 0; } 

添加了這幾個手勢後,運行看效果,程式中的imageView放了一個

                   /^\/^\
                  _|__|  O|
         \/     /~     \_/ \
          \____|__________/  \
                 \_______      \
                         `\     \                 \
                           |     |                  \
                          /      /                    \
                         /     /                       \\
                       /      /                         \ \
                      /     /                            \  \
                    /     /             _----_            \   \
                   /     /           _-~      ~-_         |   |
                  (      (        _-~    _--_    ~-_     _/   |
                   \      ~-____-~    _-~    ~-_    ~-_-~    /
                     ~-_           _-~          ~-_       _-~ 
                        ~--______-~                ~-___-~

的圖片,在模擬器上拖動是沒問題的。縮放和旋轉有點問題,估計是因為在模擬器上的類比的兩個接觸點距離在imageView的邊界外了,所以操作無效果。

建議在真機上運行這個手勢。

在模擬器上縮放和選擇的操作技巧:

可以把imageView的frame值設定大一點,按住alt鍵,按下觸摸板(不按下不行),這樣就可以旋轉和縮放了。

6、添加第二個ImagView並添加手勢

記住:一個手勢只能添加到一個View,兩個View當然要有兩個手勢的執行個體了

- (void)viewDidLoad {   [super viewDidLoad];    UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];   UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];   snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);   dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);   [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];   [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];      for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {     UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]                             initWithTarget:self                             action:@selector(handlePan:)];          UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]                               initWithTarget:self                               action:@selector(handlePinch:)];          UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]                              initWithTarget:self                              action:@selector(handleRotate:)];          [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];     [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];     [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];     [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];   }   [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];    } 

多添加了一條龍的view,兩個view都能接收上面的三種手勢。運行效果如下:

7、拖動(pan手勢)速度(以較快的速度拖放後view有滑行的效果)
如何?呢?

  • 監視手勢是否結束
  • 監視觸摸的速度
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer {   CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];   recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,                     recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);   [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];      if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {          CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];     CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));     CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;     NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);          float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide     CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),                      recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));     finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);     finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);          [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{       recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;     } completion:nil];        } 

代碼實現解析:

  • 計算速度向量的長度(估計大部分都忘了)這些知識了。
  • 如果速度向量小於200,那就會得到一個小於的小數,那麼滑行會很短
  • 基於速度和速度因素計算一個終點
  • 確保終點不會跑出父View的邊界
  • 使用UIView動畫使view滑動到終點

運行後,快速拖動映像view放開會看到view還會在原來的方向滑行一段路。

8、同時觸發兩個view的手勢

手勢之間是互斥的,如果你想同時觸發蛇和龍的view,那麼需要實現協議

UIGestureRecognizerDelegate,

@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> @end 

並在協議這個方法裡返回YES。

-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer {   return YES; } 

 把self作為代理設定給手勢:

panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self; pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self; rotateRecognizer.delegate = self; 

這樣可以同時拖動或旋轉縮放兩個view了。

9、tap點選手勢

這裡為了方便看到tap的效果,當點擊一下螢幕時,播放一個聲音。

為了播放聲音,我們加入AVFoundation.framework這個架構。

- (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {   NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];   NSError * error;   AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];   if (!player) {     NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);   } else {     [player prepareToPlay];   }   return player; } 

我會在最後例子代碼給出完整代碼,添加手勢的步驟和前面一樣的。

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>  @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate> @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer; @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;  @end - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {   [self.chompPlayer play]; } 

運行,點一下某個圖,就會播放一個咬東西的聲音。

不過這個點擊播放聲音有點缺陷,就是在慢慢拖動的時候也會播放。這使得兩個手勢重合了。怎麼解決呢?使用手勢的:

requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。

10、手勢的依賴性

在viewDidLoad的迴圈裡添加這段代碼:

[tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer]; 

意思就是,當如果pan手勢失敗,就是沒發生拖動,才會出發tap手勢。這樣如果你有輕微的拖動,那就是pan手勢發生了。tap的聲音就不會發出來了。

11、自訂手勢

自訂手勢繼承:UIGestureRecognizer,實現下面的方法:

– touchesBegan:withEvent: – touchesMoved:withEvent: – touchesEnded:withEvent: - touchesCancelled:withEvent: 

建立一個類,繼承UIGestureRecognizer,代碼如下:
.h檔案

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> typedef enum {   DirectionUnknown = 0,   DirectionLeft,   DirectionRight } Direction;  @interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer @property (assign) int tickleCount; @property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart; @property (assign) Direction lastDirection;  @end 

.m檔案

#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h" #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h> #define REQUIRED_TICKLES    2 #define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE   25  @implementation HappyGestureRecognizer  - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {   UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];   self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view]; }  - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {      // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart   UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];   CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view];   CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;   Direction curDirection;   if (moveAmt < 0) {     curDirection = DirectionLeft;   } else {     curDirection = DirectionRight;   }   if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;      // 確認方向改變了   if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||     (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) ||     (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {          // 撓癢次數     self.tickleCount++;     self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;     self.lastDirection = curDirection;          // 一旦撓癢次數超過指定數,設定手勢為結束狀態     // 這樣回呼函數會被調用。     if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {       [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];     }   }    }  - (void)reset {   self.tickleCount = 0;   self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;   self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;   if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {     [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];   } }  - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {   [self reset]; }  - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {   [self reset]; }  @end 

調用自訂手勢和上面一樣,回到這樣寫:

- (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{   [self.hehePlayer play]; } 

手勢成功後播放呵呵笑的聲音。

在真機上運行,按住某個view,快速左右拖動,就會發出笑的聲音了。

代碼解析:

先擷取起始座標:curTickleStart

通過和ticklePoint的x值對比,得出當前的放下是向左還是向右。再算出移動的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距離大,如果太則返回。

再判斷是否有三次是不同方向的動作,如果是則手勢結束,回調。

原始碼:原始碼下載。

以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所協助,也希望大家多多支援雲棲社區。

相關文章

聯繫我們

該頁面正文內容均來源於網絡整理,並不代表阿里雲官方的觀點,該頁面所提到的產品和服務也與阿里云無關,如果該頁面內容對您造成了困擾,歡迎寫郵件給我們,收到郵件我們將在5個工作日內處理。

如果您發現本社區中有涉嫌抄襲的內容,歡迎發送郵件至: info-contact@alibabacloud.com 進行舉報並提供相關證據,工作人員會在 5 個工作天內聯絡您,一經查實,本站將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。

A Free Trial That Lets You Build Big!

Start building with 50+ products and up to 12 months usage for Elastic Compute Service

  • Sales Support

    1 on 1 presale consultation

  • After-Sales Support

    24/7 Technical Support 6 Free Tickets per Quarter Faster Response

  • Alibaba Cloud offers highly flexible support services tailored to meet your exact needs.