dockerfile配置教程 產生docker image並實現docker部署

docker有個dockerfile 是什麼東西，為什麼我們要用他？

簡單的說：  以前咱們docker run建立一個docker容器，有時候會附帶不少的參數。

比如:

代碼如下	複製代碼
docker run -d -p 22 -p 8080:8080 ruifengyun/ubunt-redis "redis-server redis.conf && /usr/sbin/sshd -D"

會發現很是麻煩。  這個時候咱們可以建立編輯一個dockerfile檔案，產生新的image，然後從這個新的鏡像建立容器，容器裡面相關聯的啟動項和連接埠，目錄都是提前定義好的。

cat Dockerfile

代碼如下	複製代碼
#配置redis FROM ubuntu MAINTAINER ruifengyun "ruifengyun@qq.com" ADD ./start.sh  /root/start.sh RUN apt-get update RUN apt-get install -y redis-server RUN apt-get install -y openssh-server #CMD redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf && /usr/sbin/sshd -D CMD ["redis-server","/etc/redis/redis.conf"] EXPOSE 6379 EXPOSE 22

FROM   是作為鏡像的基礎

RUN    可以理解為在FROM下來的鏡像做一些環境的部署。

CMD    是建立容器後，會啟動並執行命令

EXPOSE 是暴露的連接埠

MAINTAINER 通知的郵件

ADD    相當於把主機的start.sh指令碼傳遞給了容器裡面。

VOLUME  是本地的路徑的映射

WORKDIR 是執行的路徑，也就是cmd entrypoint執行的路徑。

代碼如下

複製代碼

root@dev-ops:/var/4# docker build -t rui Dockerfile Uploading context 2.048 kB Uploading context 2014/08/16 09:50:59 Error: open /tmp/docker-build829651796/Dockerfile: not a directory root@dev-ops:/var/4# docker build -t rui/redis . Uploading context 2.56 kB Uploading context Step 0 : FROM ubuntu  ---> c4ff7513909d Step 1 : MAINTAINER Victor Coisne victor.coisne@dotcloud.com  ---> Using cache  ---> bbe0c91632f1 Step 2 : RUN apt-get update  ---> Running in b10a1a60dcb3 Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security InRelease Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg [933 B] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release.gpg [933 B] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release.gpg [933 B] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release [58.5 kB] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release [59.7 kB] Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release [59.7 kB] Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Sources [1335 kB] Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted Sources [5335 B] Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Sources [7926 kB] Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main amd64 Packages [1743 kB] Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/restricted amd64 Packages [16.0 kB] Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe amd64 Packages [7589 kB] Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Sources [138 kB] Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted Sources [1250 B] Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe Sources [91.7 kB] Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages [375 kB] Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [6341 B] Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/universe amd64 Packages [235 kB] Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Sources [47.4 kB] Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted Sources [40 B] Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe Sources [11.9 kB] Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main amd64 Packages [167 kB] Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/restricted amd64 Packages [40 B] Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/universe amd64 Packages [57.0 kB] Fetched 19.9 MB in 11min 48s (28.1 kB/s) Reading package lists...  ---> 9ce87ae24eeb Step 3 : RUN apt-get install -y redis-server  ---> Running in b28a88665c3f Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... Reading state information... The following extra packages will be installed:   libjemalloc1 redis-tools The following NEW packages will be installed:   libjemalloc1 redis-server redis-tools 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded. Need to get 410 kB of archives. After this operation, 1272 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe libjemalloc1 amd64 3.5.1-2 [76.8 kB] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe redis-tools amd64 2:2.8.4-2 [65.7 kB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe redis-server amd64 2:2.8.4-2 [267 kB] debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog debconf: (TERM is not set, so the dialog frontend is not usable.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline debconf: (This frontend requires a controlling tty.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype dpkg-preconfigure: unable to re-open stdin: Fetched 410 kB in 4s (91.4 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libjemalloc1. (Reading database ... 11518 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libjemalloc1_3.5.1-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libjemalloc1 (3.5.1-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package redis-tools. Preparing to unpack .../redis-tools_2%3a2.8.4-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking redis-tools (2:2.8.4-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package redis-server. Preparing to unpack .../redis-server_2%3a2.8.4-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking redis-server (2:2.8.4-2) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ... Setting up libjemalloc1 (3.5.1-2) ... Setting up redis-tools (2:2.8.4-2) ... Setting up redis-server (2:2.8.4-2) ... invoke-rc.d: policy-rc.d denied execution of start. Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.1) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...  ---> d37fb2bbe0b5 Step 4 : ENTRYPOINT redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf && /usr/sbin/sshd -D  ---> Running in f6c027ac643d  ---> ec7fe19bdfed Step 5 : USER daemon  ---> Running in 0e3b10d07a16  ---> d16398d08a4a Step 6 : EXPOSE 6379  ---> Running in c8ca52dde189  ---> e0a9bcb25972 Step 7 : EXPOSE 22  ---> Running in 22845a6abd90  ---> 54bb130c7a44 Successfully built 54bb130c7a44 Removing intermediate container b10a1a60dcb3 Removing intermediate container b28a88665c3f Removing intermediate container f6c027ac643d Removing intermediate container 0e3b10d07a16 Removing intermediate container c8ca52dde189 Removing intermediate container 22845a6abd90 root@dev-ops:/var/4#

等折騰完了後，他會產生一個鏡像 。 這個鏡像是由咱們的dockerfile搞的。



這次咱們再建立容器，不用再加那麼多參數了。

代碼如下

複製代碼

root@dev-ops:~# docker run -d -P rui 116b30b056493237caca158849ae687c9beb4f8656be485c2a3cc71a27d8e951 root@dev-ops:~# root@dev-ops:~# root@dev-ops:~# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                           COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                      NAMES 116b30b05649        rui:latest                      redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf    4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:49153->6379/tcp   nostalgic_lumiere

咱們再來一個比較全的dockerfile例子:

功能是用來部署lnmp和wordpress  ，配置看起來多 ，其實還是比較規範的。

代碼如下

複製代碼

FROM ubuntu:14.04 MAINTAINER liudehua <liudehua@xxx.com>   # Keep upstart from complaining RUN dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl RUN ln -sf /bin/true /sbin/initctl   # Let the conatiner know that there is no tty ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive   RUN apt-get update RUN apt-get -y upgrade   # Basic Requirements RUN apt-get -y install mysql-server mysql-client nginx php5-fpm php5-mysql php-apc pwgen python-setuptools curl git unzip   # Wordpress Requirements RUN apt-get -y install php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl   # mysql config RUN sed -i -e"s/^bind-addresss*=s*127.0.0.1/bind-address = 0.0.0.0/" /etc/mysql/my.cnf   # nginx config RUN sed -i -e"s/keepalive_timeouts*65/keepalive_timeout 2/" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf RUN sed -i -e"s/keepalive_timeout 2/keepalive_timeout 2;ntclient_max_body_size 100m/" /etc/nginx/nginx.conf RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf   # php-fpm config RUN sed -i -e "s/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN sed -i -e "s/upload_max_filesizes*=s*2M/upload_max_filesize = 100M/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN sed -i -e "s/post_max_sizes*=s*8M/post_max_size = 100M/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini RUN sed -i -e "s/;daemonizes*=s*yes/daemonize = no/g" /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf RUN sed -i -e "s/;catch_workers_outputs*=s*yes/catch_workers_output = yes/g" /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf RUN find /etc/php5/cli/conf.d/ -name "*.ini" -exec sed -i -re 's/^(s*)#(.*)/1;2/g' {} ;   # nginx site conf ADD ./nginx-site.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/default   # Supervisor Config RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor-stdout ADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf   # Install Wordpress ADD http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz /usr/share/nginx/latest.tar.gz RUN cd /usr/share/nginx/ && tar xvf latest.tar.gz && rm latest.tar.gz RUN mv /usr/share/nginx/html/5* /usr/share/nginx/wordpress RUN rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/www RUN mv /usr/share/nginx/wordpress /usr/share/nginx/www RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /usr/share/nginx/www   # Wordpress Initialization and Startup Script ADD ./start.sh /start.sh RUN chmod 755 /start.sh   # private expose EXPOSE 3306 EXPOSE 80   CMD ["/bin/bash", "/start.sh"]

再來一個mognodb的例子：

註： 可以用   標識換行

代碼如下

複製代碼

FROM dockerfile/ubuntu   # Install MongoDB. RUN   apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 7F0CEB10 &&   echo 'deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list &&   apt-get update &&   apt-get install -y mongodb-org &&   mkdir -p /data/db   VOLUME ["/data"]   WORKDIR /data   CMD ["mongod"]   EXPOSE 27017 EXPOSE 28017

官網有不少的例子,有興趣的朋友可以到 https://github.com/dockerfile 查看下。


在dockerfile使用cmd、entrypoint 需要注意：


cmd 是可以寫成shell的模式， 也就是 咱們平時寫語句那樣

CMD  redis-server redis.conf && service sshd restart


docker調用它的時候是用/bin/sh -c 調用的。  這個時候有些少許的問題，大家再測試的時候，最好在自己的本機也測一般。  sh -c 這東西挺奇妙的 ，貌似他的參數斷句有問題，有些蛋疼。


一般來說，在用cmd啟動的時候  用exec的模式多點 ，也就是 ['redis-server','/etc/redis/redis.conf'] 他自己會用空格組成一條命令。 


一個dockerfile裡面只能有一個CMD。 寫多了沒用。