程式員繪圖利器 — Graphviz

程式員繪圖利器 — Graphviz
概述

官網： http://www.graphviz.org/

Graphviz (Graph Visualization Software) 是一個由AT&T實驗室啟動的開源工具包。DOT是一種圖形描述語言，非常簡單的，

Graphviz就是用來處理這種語言的工具。只需要簡單瞭解一下DOT語言，就可以用Graphviz繪圖了，它對程式員特別有用。

So in short, if you are a programmer, it is born for you。

無向圖

graph graphname {    a -- b -- c;    b -- d;}

 

有向圖

digraph graphname {    a -> b -> c;    b -> d;}

 

屬性

//DOT語言中，可以對節點和邊添加不同的屬性。digraph graphname {    //節點的屬性，節點的名稱    a [lable = "Foo"];    //節點的屬性，節點的形狀    b [shape = box];    //邊的屬性，邊的顏色    a -> b -> c [color = blue];    //邊的屬性，邊的線狀    b -> d [style = dotted];}

 

基本圖形

digraph G {//把圖片的尺寸設為4inch * 4inchsize = "4,4";main [shape = box];//邊的重要程度，預設是1main->parse [weight = 8];parse->execute;//點狀線main->init[style = dotted];main->cleanup;//串連了兩條線execute->{make_string;printf}init->make_string;//把邊的預設顏色設為rededge [color = red];main->printf [sytle=bold, label = "100times"];//節點的名稱make_string [label = "make a\nstring"];//設定節點的預設屬性node [shape=box,style =filled,color=lightgrey];execute->compare;}

 

 

多邊形

digraph G{a -> b -> c;b -> d;/* 形狀為多邊形，邊數為5，外框為3條，顏色為淡藍，樣式為填充 */a [shape = polygon, sides = 5, peripheries = 3, color = lightblue, style = filled];/* 形狀為多邊形，邊數為4，角的傾斜度為0.4，內容為hellow world*/c [shape = polygon, sides = 4, skew = 0.4, label = "hello world"];/* 形狀為倒三角，整體旋轉30度 */d [shape = invtriangle,orientation = 30];/* 形狀為多邊形，邊數為4，扭曲度為0.7 */e [shape = polygon, sides = 4, distortion = 0.7];}

 

 

資料結構

 

（1）複雜的標籤

digraph structs {/* 把節點的預設圖案設為矩形record，預設的是圓角矩形Mrecord */node [shape = record];struct1 [label = "left|middle|right"];struct2 [label = "one|two"];struct3 [label = "hello\nworld|{b|{c|d|e}|f}|g|h"];struct1 -> struct2;struct1 -> struct3;}

 

graph picture {//這幅圖的名字label = "I love you";//圖名字的位置在bottom，也可以是tlabelloc = b;//圖名字的位置在left，也可以是rlabeljust = l;edge[decorate = true];C -- D [label = "s1"];C -- E [label = "s2"];C -- F [label = "s3"];D -- E [label = "s4"];D -- F [label = "s5"];edge[decorate = false, labelfontcolor = blue, fontcolor = red];C1 -- D1 [headlabel = "c1",taillabel = "d1",label = "c1 - d1"];}

 

 

（2）行列對齊

digraph html {rankdir = LR;{node[shape = plaintext];1995 -> 1996 -> 1997 -> 1998 -> 1999 -> 2000 -> 2001;}{node[shape = box, style = filled];WAR3 -> Xhero -> Footman -> DOTA:WAR3 -> Battleship;}{rank = same; 1996; WAR3;}{rank = same; 1998; Xhero; Battleship;}{rank = same; 1999; Footman;}{rank = same; 2001; DOTA;}}

 

 

（3）二叉樹

digraph G {label = "Binary search tree";node [shape = record];A [label = "<f0>|<f1>A|<f2>"];B [label = "<f0>|<f1>B|<f2>"];C [label = "<f0>|<f1>C|<f2>"];D [label = "<f0>|<f1>D|<f2>"];E [label = "<f0>|<f1>E|<f2>"];F [label = "<f0>|<f1>F|<f2>"];G [label = "<f0>|<f1>G|<f2>"];A:f0 -> B:f1;A:f2 -> C:f1;B:f0 -> D:f1;B:f2 -> E:f1;C:f0 -> F:f1;C:f2 -> G:f1;}

 

 

（4）雜湊表

digraph G{nodesep = .05;rankdir = LR;node [shape = record,width = .1,height = .1];node0 [label = "<f0>|<f1>|<f2>|<f3>|<f4>|<f5>|<f6>|",height = 2.5];node [width = 1.5];node1 [label = "{<n>n14|719|<p>}"];node2 [label = "{<n>a1|805|<p>}"];node3 [label = "{<n>i9|718|<p>}"];node4 [label = "{<n>e5|989|<p>}"];node5 [label = "{<n>t20|959|<p>}"];node6 [label = "{<n>o15|794|<p>}"];node7 [label = "{<n>s19|659|<p>}"];node0:f0 -> node1:n;node0:f1 -> node2:n;node0:f2 -> node3:n;node0:f5 -> node4:n;node0:f6 -> node5:n;node2:p -> node6:n;node4:p -> node7:n;}

 

 

流程圖

digraph G{subgraph cluster0 {node [style = filled,color = white];style = filled;color = lightgrey;a0 -> a1 -> a2 -> a3;label = "process #1";}subgraph cluster1 {node [style = filled];b0 -> b1 -> b2 -> b3;label = "process #2";color = blue;}start -> a0;start -> b0;a1 -> b3;b2 -> a3;a3 -> a0;a3 -> end;b3 -> end;start [shape = Mdiamond];end [shape = Msquare];}

 

Reference

[1] http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/DOT 語言，DOT語言簡明介紹。

[2] http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/Graphviz ，簡單背景知識。

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