一、引言
UIPageViewController是iOS中少見的動畫視圖控制器之一,通過它既可以建立類似UIScrollView與UIPageControl結合的滾屏視圖,也可以建立類似圖書效果的炫酷翻頁視圖。
UIPageViewController在iOS 5 SDK中首次引入,它使得開發人員可以使用這個ViewController建立分頁檢視。在iOS 6中,這個類有了更新,支援滾動過渡效果。使用Page View,使用者可以方便的通過手勢在多個頁面之間導航。UIPageViewController並不僅僅用於引導頁,很多遊戲,例如:憤怒的小鳥,就是用Page View來展示關卡選擇的頁面,還有有關書籍的應用,用這個類來顯示書的頁面。
UIPageViewController是個高度可配置的類,你可以進行如下配置:
- 分頁的方向——水平或垂直
- 翻頁的樣式——書卷翻頁或者滑動翻頁
- 書脊位置——只有書卷翻頁樣式有效
- 頁面間距——只有滑動翻頁樣式有效,用來定義頁面間距(inter-page spacing)
UIPageViewController類似一個視圖容器,其中每個具體的視圖由各自的ViewController進行維護管理,UIPageViewController只進行協調與動畫布置。下圖可以很好的展現出UIPageViewControlelr的使用結構:
上圖中,UIPageViewControllerDataSource協議為UIPageViewController提供資料支援,DataSource協議提供的資料來自各個ViewContoller自我維護,UIPageViewControllerDelegate中的回調可以對翻頁動作,旋轉螢幕動作等進行監聽。UIPageViewController把從DataSource中擷取到的視圖資料渲染給View用於當前視圖控制器的展示。
為了示範,我們會一起建立一個簡單的app。當然,我們不會示範所有的UIPageViewController的配置細節,我們會示範到使用滑動翻頁樣式來建立一個引導頁。不過別擔心,有了對UIPageViewController的基本理解,我相信你能夠去探索其他的特性。
開始吧!
二、建立一個UIPageViewController
首先建立一個類作為翻頁視圖控制器中具體每一頁視圖的控制器,使其繼承於UIViewController:
ModelViewController.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface ModelViewController : UIViewController
+(ModelViewController *)creatWithIndex:(int)index;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UILabel * indexLabel;
@end
ModelViewController.m
#import "ModelViewController.h"
@interface ModelViewController ()
@end
@implementation ModelViewController
+(ModelViewController *)creatWithIndex:(int)index{
ModelViewController * con = [[ModelViewController alloc]init];
con.indexLabel = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(110, 200, 100, 30)];
con.indexLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"第%d頁",index];
[con.view addSubview:con.indexLabel];
return con;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
}
@end
在工程模板內建的ViewController.m檔案中實現如下代碼:
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "ModelViewController.h"
//遵守協議
@interface ViewController ()<UIPageViewControllerDataSource,UIPageViewControllerDelegate>
{
//翻頁視圖控制器對象
UIPageViewController * _pageViewControl;
//資料來源數組
NSMutableArray * _dataArray;
}
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
//進行初始化
_pageViewControl = [[UIPageViewController alloc]initWithTransitionStyle:UIPageViewControllerTransitionStyleScroll navigationOrientation:UIPageViewControllerNavigationOrientationHorizontal options:@{UIPageViewControllerOptionSpineLocationKey:@0,UIPageViewControllerOptionInterPageSpacingKey:@10}];
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
//設定翻頁視圖的尺寸
_pageViewControl.view.bounds=self.view.bounds;
//設定資料來源與代理
_pageViewControl.dataSource=self;
_pageViewControl.delegate=self;
//建立初始介面
ModelViewController * model = [ModelViewController creatWithIndex:1];
//設定初始介面
[_pageViewControl setViewControllers:@[model] direction:UIPageViewControllerNavigationDirectionReverse animated:YES completion:nil];
//設定是否雙面展示
_pageViewControl.doubleSided = NO;
_dataArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
[_dataArray addObject:model];
[self.view addSubview:_pageViewControl.view];
}
//翻頁控制器進行向前翻頁動作 這個資料來源方法返回的視圖控制器為要顯示視圖的視圖控制器
- (nullable UIViewController *)pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController viewControllerBeforeViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController{
int index = (int)[_dataArray indexOfObject:viewController];
if (index==0) {
return nil;
}else{
return _dataArray[index-1];
}
}
//翻頁控制器進行向後翻頁動作 這個資料來源方法返回的視圖控制器為要顯示視圖的視圖控制器
- (nullable UIViewController *)pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController viewControllerAfterViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController{
int index = (int)[_dataArray indexOfObject:viewController];
if (index==9) {
return nil;
}else{
if (_dataArray.count-1>=(index+1)) {
return _dataArray[index+1];
}else{
ModelViewController * model = [ModelViewController creatWithIndex:index+2];
[_dataArray addObject:model];
return model;
}
}
}
//旋轉螢幕觸發的代理方法
- (UIPageViewControllerSpineLocation) pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController spineLocationForInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)orientation{
return UIPageViewControllerSpineLocationMin;
}
//設定分頁控制器的分頁數
- (NSInteger)presentationCountForPageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController {
return 10;
}
//設定初始的分頁點
- (NSInteger)presentationIndexForPageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController{
return 0;
}
@end
上面建立了最簡單的翻頁視圖控制器樣本,效果如下圖:
三、UIPageViewController中方法使用解析
//建立翻頁視圖控制器對象
- (instancetype)initWithTransitionStyle:(UIPageViewControllerTransitionStyle)style navigationOrientation:(UIPageViewControllerNavigationOrientation)navigationOrientation options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;
上面方法用於建立視圖控制器對象,其中UIPageViewControllerTransitionStyle參數設定翻頁控制器的風格,枚舉如下:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIPageViewControllerTransitionStyle) {
UIPageViewControllerTransitionStylePageCurl = 0, //類似於書本翻頁效果
UIPageViewControllerTransitionStyleScroll = 1 // 類似於ScrollView的滑動效果
};
如果設定為UIPageViewControllerTransitionStyleCurl,翻頁效果如下圖所示:
上面初始化方法中的UIPageViewControllerNavigationOrientation屬性設定翻頁的方向,枚舉如下:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIPageViewControllerNavigationOrientation) {
UIPageViewControllerNavigationOrientationHorizontal = 0,//水平翻頁
UIPageViewControllerNavigationOrientationVertical = 1//豎直翻頁
};
options參數用於設定翻頁視圖控制器的配置字典,其可以設定的配置索引值如下:
//這個鍵需要設定為UIPageViewControllerOptionSpineLocationKey枚舉值對應的NSNumber對象 設定翻頁控制器的書軸 後面會介紹
NSString * const UIPageViewControllerOptionSpineLocationKey;
//這個鍵需要設定為NSNumber類型 設定每頁視圖的間距 用於滾動視圖風格的
NSString * const UIPageViewControllerOptionInterPageSpacingKey;
下面是UIPageViewController的一些常用屬性與方法:
//設定資料來源
@property (nullable, nonatomic, weak) id <UIPageViewControllerDelegate> delegate;
//設定代理
@property (nullable, nonatomic, weak) id <UIPageViewControllerDataSource> dataSource;
//擷取翻頁風格
@property (nonatomic, readonly) UIPageViewControllerTransitionStyle transitionStyle;
//擷取翻頁方向
@property (nonatomic, readonly) UIPageViewControllerNavigationOrientation navigationOrientation;
//擷取書軸類型
@property (nonatomic, readonly) UIPageViewControllerSpineLocation spineLocation;
//設定是否雙面顯示
@property (nonatomic, getter=isDoubleSided) BOOL doubleSided;
//設定要顯示的視圖控制器
- (void)setViewControllers:(nullable NSArray<UIViewController *> *)viewControllers direction:(UIPageViewControllerNavigationDirection)direction animated:(BOOL)animated completion:(void (^ __nullable)(BOOL finished))completion;
上面只有spineLocation屬性有些難於理解,其枚舉如下:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIPageViewControllerSpineLocation) {
//對於SCrollView類型的滑動效果 沒有書軸 會返回下面這個枚舉值
UIPageViewControllerSpineLocationNone = 0,
//以左邊或者上邊為軸進行翻轉 介面同一時間只顯示一個View
UIPageViewControllerSpineLocationMin = 1,
//以中間為軸進行翻轉 介面同時可以顯示兩個View
UIPageViewControllerSpineLocationMid = 2,
//以下邊或者右邊為軸進行翻轉 介面同一時間只顯示一個View
UIPageViewControllerSpineLocationMax = 3
};
將上面的範例程式碼修改幾個地方如下:
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
_pageViewControl = [[UIPageViewController alloc]initWithTransitionStyle:UIPageViewControllerTransitionStylePageCurl navigationOrientation:UIPageViewControllerNavigationOrientationVertical options:@{UIPageViewControllerOptionSpineLocationKey:@2,UIPageViewControllerOptionInterPageSpacingKey:@10}];
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
_pageViewControl.view.bounds=self.view.bounds;
_pageViewControl.dataSource=self;
_pageViewControl.delegate=self;
ModelViewController * model = [ModelViewController creatWithIndex:1];
ModelViewController * model2 = [ModelViewController creatWithIndex:2];
[_pageViewControl setViewControllers:@[model,model2] direction:UIPageViewControllerNavigationDirectionReverse animated:YES completion:nil];
_pageViewControl.doubleSided = YES;
_dataArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
[_dataArray addObject:model];
[self.view addSubview:_pageViewControl.view];
}
- (UIPageViewControllerSpineLocation) pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController spineLocationForInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)orientation{
return UIPageViewControllerSpineLocationMid;
}
運行效果如下圖所示:
四、UIPageViewControllerDataSource中方法解析
//向前翻頁展示的ViewController
- (nullable UIViewController *)pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController viewControllerBeforeViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController;
//向後翻頁展示的ViewController
- (nullable UIViewController *)pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController viewControllerAfterViewController:(UIViewController *)viewController;
//設定分頁控制器的分頁點數
- (NSInteger)presentationCountForPageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);
//設定當前分頁控制器所高亮的點
- (NSInteger)presentationIndexForPageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);
五、UIPageViewControllerDelegate中方法解析
//翻頁視圖控制器將要翻頁時執行的方法
- (void)pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController willTransitionToViewControllers:(NSArray<UIViewController *> *)pendingViewControllers NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);
//翻頁動畫執行完成後回調的方法
- (void)pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController didFinishAnimating:(BOOL)finished previousViewControllers:(NSArray<UIViewController *> *)previousViewControllers transitionCompleted:(BOOL)completed;
//螢幕防線改變時回到的方法,可以通過傳回值重設書軸類型枚舉
- (UIPageViewControllerSpineLocation)pageViewController:(UIPageViewController *)pageViewController spineLocationForInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)orientation;