這篇文章主要為大家詳細介紹了ASP.NET MVC重寫RazorViewEngine實現多主題切換,具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的小夥伴們可以參考一下
在ASP.NET MVC中來實現主題的切換一般有兩種方式,一種是通過切換皮膚的css和js引用,一種就是通過重寫視圖引擎。通過重寫視圖引擎的方式更加靈活,因為我不僅可以在不同主題下面布局和樣式不一樣,還可以讓不同的主題下面顯示的資料條目不一致,就是說可以在某些主題下面添加一下個人化的東西。
本篇我將通過重寫視圖引擎的方式來進行示範,在這之前,我假設你已經具備了MVC的一些基礎,我們先來看下效果:
系統登入後是預設主題,當我們點擊切換主題之後,左側功能表列的布局變了,右側內容的樣式也變了,而地址欄是不變的。介面UI用的metronic,雖然官網是收費的,但是在天朝,總是可以找到免費的。官方地址:http://keenthemes.com/preview/metronic/
在這裡,我使用了分地區、分模組(按獨立的業務功能劃分)的方式,一個模組就是一個獨立的dll,在這裡Secom.Emx.Admin和Secom.Emx.History就是兩個獨立的模組,並分別建立了地區Admin和History。
你會發現Secom.Emx.Admin模型下面的Areas目錄和Secom.Emx.WebApp中的目錄是一模一樣的,其實我最初不想在模組項目中添加任何的View,但是為了方便獨立部署還是加了。
按右鍵項目Secom.Emx.Admin,選擇“屬性”——“建置事件”添加如下代碼:
xcopy /e/r/y $(ProjectDir)Areas\Admin\Views $(SolutionDir)Secom.Emx.WebApp\Areas\Admin\Views
這命令很簡單,其實就是當編譯項目Secom.Emx.Admin的時候,將項目中的Views複製到Secom.Emx.WebApp項目的指定目錄下。
地區設定檔我放置到了Secom.Emx.WebApp中,其實你完全可以獨立放置到一個類庫項目中,因為註冊地區路由的後,項目最終會尋找bin目錄下面所有繼承了AreaRegistration類的,然後讓WebApp引用這個類庫項目,Secom.Emx.WebApp項目添加Secom.Emx.Admin、Secom.Emx.History的引用。
AdminAreaRegistration代碼如下:
using System.Web.Mvc;namespace Secom.Emx.WebApp{ public class AdminAreaRegistration : AreaRegistration { public override string AreaName { get { return "Admin"; } } public override void RegisterArea(AreaRegistrationContext context) { context.MapRoute( "Admin_default", "Admin/{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, namespaces:new string[1] { "Secom.Emx.Admin.Areas.Admin.Controllers" } ); } }}
注意命名空間和後面添加的 namespaces:new string[1] { "Secom.Emx.Admin.Areas.Admin.Controllers" },這個命名空間就是獨立模組Secom.Emx.Admin下面的控制器所在的命名空間。
HistoryAreaRegistration代碼如下:
using System.Web.Mvc;namespace Secom.Emx.WebApp{ public class HistoryAreaRegistration : AreaRegistration { public override string AreaName { get { return "History"; } } public override void RegisterArea(AreaRegistrationContext context) { context.MapRoute( "History_default", "History/{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, namespaces:new string[1] { "Secom.Emx.History.Areas.History.Controllers" } ); } }}
我們先看下RazorViewEngine的原始建構函式如下:
public RazorViewEngine(IViewPageActivator viewPageActivator) : base(viewPageActivator) { AreaViewLocationFormats = new[] { "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml" }; AreaMasterLocationFormats = new[] { "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml" }; AreaPartialViewLocationFormats = new[] { "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml" }; ViewLocationFormats = new[] { "~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml" }; MasterLocationFormats = new[] { "~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml" }; PartialViewLocationFormats = new[] { "~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/{1}/{0}.vbhtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.vbhtml" }; FileExtensions = new[] { "cshtml", "vbhtml", }; }
然後建立CustomRazorViewEngine繼承自RazorViewEngine,對View的路由規則進行了重寫,既然可以重寫路由規則,那意味著,你可以任意定義規則,然後遵守自己定義的規則就可以了。需要注意的是,要注意路由數組中的順序,查詢檢視表時,是按照前後順序依次尋找的,當找到了視圖就立即返回,不會再去匹配後面的路由規則。為了提升路由尋找效率,我這裡刪除了所有vbhtml的路由規則,因為我整個項目中都採用C#語言。
using System.Web.Mvc;namespace Secom.Emx.WebApp.Helper{ public class CustomRazorViewEngine : RazorViewEngine { public CustomRazorViewEngine(string theme) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(theme)) { AreaViewLocationFormats = new[] { //themes "~/themes/"+theme+"/views/Areas/{2}/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/themes/"+theme+"/Shared/{0}.cshtml" "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml" }; AreaMasterLocationFormats = new[] { //themes "~/themes/"+theme+"/views/Areas/{2}/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/themes/"+theme+"/views/Areas/{2}/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/themes/"+theme+"/views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml" }; AreaPartialViewLocationFormats = new[] { //themes "~/themes/"+theme+"/views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml" }; ViewLocationFormats = new[] { //themes "~/themes/"+theme+"/views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml" }; MasterLocationFormats = new[] { //themes "~/themes/"+theme+"/views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml" }; PartialViewLocationFormats = new[] { //themes "~/themes/"+theme+"/views/Shared/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml", "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml" }; FileExtensions = new[]{"cshtml"}; } } }}
重寫後,我們的路由規則將是這樣的:當沒有選擇主題的情況下,沿用原來的路由規則,如果選擇了主題,則使用重寫後的路由規則。
新的路由規則:在選擇了主題的情況下,優先尋找thems/主題名稱/views/Areas/地區名稱/控制器名稱/視圖名稱.cshtml,如果找不到再按照預設的路由規則去尋找,也就是Areas/地區名稱/Views/控制器名稱/視圖名稱.cshtml
切換主題View代碼:
<p class="btn-group"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-circle btn-outline red dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"> <i class="fa fa-plus"></i> <span class="hidden-sm hidden-xs">切換主題 </span> <i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i> </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li> <a href="javascript:setTheme('default')"> <i class="icon-docs"></i> 預設主題 </a> </li> <li> <a href="javascript:setTheme('Blue')"> <i class="icon-tag"></i> 藍色主題 </a> </li> </ul> </p> <script type="text/javascript"> function setTheme(themeName) { window.location.href = "/Home/SetTheme?themeName=" + themeName + "&href=" + window.location.href; }</script>
當使用者登入成功的時候,從Cookie中讀取所選主題資訊,當Cookie中沒有讀取到主題記錄時,則從Web.config設定檔中讀取配置的主題名稱,如果都沒有讀取到,則說明是預設主題,沿用原有的視圖引擎規則。
在後台管理介面,每次選擇了主題,我都將主題名稱儲存到Cookie中,預設儲存一年,這樣當下次再登入的時候,就能夠記住所選的主題資訊了。
using System;using System.Web.Mvc;using Secom.Emx.WebApp.Helper;using System.Web;using Secom.Emx.Common.Controllers;namespace Secom.Emx.WebApp.Controllers{ public class HomeController : BaseController { string themeCookieName = "Theme"; public ActionResult Index() { ViewData["Menu"] = GetMenus(); return View(); } public ActionResult SetTheme(string themeName,string href) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(themeName)) { Response.Cookies.Set(new HttpCookie(themeCookieName, themeName) { Expires = DateTime.Now.AddYears(1) }); } else { themeName = Request.Cookies[themeCookieName].Value ?? "".Trim(); } Utils.ResetRazorViewEngine(themeName); return string.IsNullOrEmpty(href)? Redirect("~/Home/Index"):Redirect(href); } public ActionResult Login() { string themeName = Request.Cookies[themeCookieName].Value ?? "".Trim(); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(themeName)) { Utils.ResetRazorViewEngine(themeName); } return View(); } }}
Utils類:
using System.Configuration;using System.Web.Mvc;namespace Secom.Emx.WebApp.Helper{ public class Utils { private static string _themeName; public static string ThemeName { get { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(_themeName)) { return _themeName; } //模板風格 _themeName =string.IsNullOrEmpty(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Theme"])? "" : ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Theme"]; return _themeName; } } public static void ResetRazorViewEngine(string themeName) { themeName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(themeName) ? Utils.ThemeName : themeName; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(themeName)) { ViewEngines.Engines.Clear(); ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new CustomRazorViewEngine(themeName)); } } }}
實現方式實在是太簡單,簡單得我不知道如何表述才好,我還是記下來,方便有需要的人可以查閱,希望可以幫到你們。由於項目引入了龐大的各種相關檔案以致檔案比較大,網速原因無法上傳源碼還望見諒!