在前面的議題中實際上已經對rman的備份恢複做了個比較完整的介紹,談到了資料庫,資料表空間,參數檔案,控制檔案的備份,同時也談到了它們的恢複,當然還包括了災難性的恢複。對於那些恢複實際上已經用到了我們今天所要說的非一致性恢複,只不過沒有說明罷了。什麼叫非一致性恢複,非一致性恢複就是在恢複的過程中會有部分資料丟失。
那麼非一致性恢複主要應用於在控制檔案,重做記錄檔,或者歸檔記錄檔失敗,資料庫的完全介質恢複將無法進行的時候,為使損失達到最小,這個時候才可執行資料庫的不一致性恢複。
相關閱讀:
探索Oracle之RMAN_01概念
探索Oracle之RMAN_02基本使用
探索Oracle之RMAN_03非一致性備份
探索Oracle之RMAN_04非一致性備份
探索Oracle之RMAN_05增量備份
探索Oracle之RMAN_06備份策略
探索Oracle之RMAN_07單個資料檔案丟失恢複
探索Oracle之RMAN_07整個業務資料表空間丟失恢複
探索Oracle之RMAN_07 磁碟損壞資料丟失恢複
探索Oracle之RMAN_07 資料庫所有檔案全部丟失恢複
探索Oracle之RMAN_07 重做日誌redu檔案丟失恢複
探索Oracle之RMAN_07 參數檔案丟失恢複
探索Oracle之RMAN_07控制檔案丟失恢複
探索Oracle之RMAN_07 system資料表空間丟失恢複
我們可以通過如來理解什麼是非一致性恢複:
上中,資料庫在100的時候已經做了全備,重做日誌已經捕獲了100-500之間的SCN,並同歸redo應用歸檔,當在500的時候,資料庫發生了介質失敗;那麼這個時候要做資料庫的恢複就要用到在scn 100時做的備份以及100-500這期間所產生的歸檔和重做日誌資訊。如果說歸檔在scn 300的時候損壞了,那麼這個時候就只能恢複到scn為200的這個點,這也就是我們說的資料庫的不完全恢複.
非一致性恢複的類型主要分為以下四種:
基於時間(time)恢複
基於取消(cancel)恢複
基於SCN(change)恢複
基於備份控制檔案(unsing backup controlfile)的恢複
基於時間(time)恢複
基於時間的恢複將資料庫恢複到備份點與失敗點之間的某個時間點。基於時間的恢複不僅在介質失敗的時候使用,也可以在資料庫正常啟動並執行時候使用。例如:某個使用者誤刪除了某個表的資料,這個時候我們可以通過基於時間的恢複來將刪除的資料恢複出來,樣本如下:
1、查看目前使用者下的表,只有一張WWL001
21:07:31 SQL> select * fromtab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------------- ----------
WWL001 TABLE
Elapsed: 00:00:00.06
我們通過WWL001來建立WWL002-WWL005 共四張表用來測試不完全恢複
21:08:28 SQL> create tablewwl002 as select * from wwl001;
Table created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.17
21:08:55 SQL> create tablewwl003 as select * from wwl001;
Table created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.04
21:09:00 SQL> create tablewwl004 as select * from wwl001;
Table created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.03
21:09:06 SQL> create tablewwl005 as select * from wwl001;
Table created.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.05
如上表已經建立完成
2、我們在21:13:13開始刪除表(請注意時間)
21:13:13 SQL> drop tablewwl002 purge;
Table dropped.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.16
21:13:28 SQL> drop tablewwl003 purge;
Table dropped.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.11
21:13:34 SQL> truncate tablewwl004;
Table truncated.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.32
21:13:44 SQL> truncate tablewwl005;
Table truncated.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.07
21:13:47 SQL>
因為我們是要做基於時間的恢複,那麼我們只有將資料庫恢複到21:13:13之前的這個時間段,才能把我們剛才建立的表找回來。
3、開始執行恢複,先將資料庫啟動到mount狀態
21:14:40 SQL> conn / assysdba
Connected.
21:14:44 SQL> shutdownimmediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
21:15:20 SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 100663296 bytes
Fixed Size 1217884 bytes
Variable Size 88083108 bytes
Database Buffers 8388608 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
21:15:46 SQL> e
4、開始執行restore到備份資料庫的目前狀態:
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 12-JUL-12
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=47devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: startingdatafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifyingdatafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl01.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl02.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to/DBBak2/oradata/WWL/wwl03.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: readingfrom backup piece /DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/01nft4mu_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoredbackup piece 1
piecehandle=/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/01nft4mu_1_1 tag=TAG20120712T095437
channel ORA_DISK_1: restorecomplete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
Finished restore at 12-JUL-12
RMAN> exit
5、執行基於時間點的恢複:
21:27:54 SQL> recover database until time ‘YYYY-mm-ddhh24:mi:ss’
21:27:54 SQL> recoverdatabase until time '2012-07-12 21:10:00';
ORA-00279: change 1436429generated at 07/12/2012 09:54:38 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_3_788372282.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1436429 forthread 1 is in sequence #3
21:30:09 Specify log:{<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 1440657generated at 07/12/2012 14:00:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_1_788450452.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1440657 forthread 1 is in sequence #1
ORA-00279: change 1440855generated at 07/12/2012 15:08:58 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_1_788454538.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1440855 forthread 1 is in sequence #1
ORA-00279: change 1441316generated at 07/12/2012 15:19:50 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_1_788455190.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1441316 forthread 1 is in sequence #1
ORA-00279: change 1442275generated at 07/12/2012 15:52:01 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_1_788457121.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1442275 forthread 1 is in sequence #1
ORA-00279: change 1442953generated at 07/12/2012 16:25:06 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_1_788459106.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1442953 forthread 1 is in sequence #1
ORA-00279: change 1462958generated at 07/12/2012 16:28:16 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_2_788459106.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1462958 forthread 1 is in sequence #2
ORA-00278: log file'/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_1_788459106.dbf' no longer needed forthis recovery
ORA-00279: change 1462963generated at 07/12/2012 17:17:59 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_1_788462279.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1462963 forthread 1 is in sequence #1
ORA-00279: change 1483784generated at 07/12/2012 17:54:25 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_2_788462279.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1483784 forthread 1 is in sequence #2
ORA-00278: log file'/DBSoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_1_788462279.dbf' no longer needed forthis recovery
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
21:30:29 SQL>
至此已經恢複完成。
6、因為做了不完全恢複,必須要做restlogs開啟資料庫。
21:30:29 SQL> alter databaseopen restlogs;
alter database open restlogs