【FSFA 讀書筆記】Ch 2 Computer Foundatinons(1)

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Data Organization1. 進位轉換。  按照正常的書寫順序寫一個數字(無論多少進位),其中最左邊的列稱為“最高有效符號”,最右邊的列稱為“最低有效符號”。  (The right-most column is called the least significant symbol, and the left-most column is called the most significant symbol.)  二進位、十進位與十六進位轉換表,學過數電一定對這個很熟悉~ 2. Data sizes在儲存 多位元組資料時,有“大端法”和“小端法”兩種模式,區別在於把放置“最高有效符號”和“最低有效符號”的順序。(Computers differ in how they organize multiple-byte values. Some of them use  big-endian ordering and put the most significant byte of the number in the first storage byte, and others use little-endian ordering and put the least significant byte of the number in the first storage byte.)二者的區別可從這張圖上很直觀的看出來  3. 字元編碼為了儲存非數實值型別的資料(字元),我們以各種標準來編碼字元,比如ASCII和Unicode

(...to stores letters and sentences. The most common technique is to encode the characters
using ASCII or Unicode.)

ASCII碼由於只佔一個位元組,因此不受大小端模式的影響。

(The endian ordering of a system does not play a role in how the characters are stored because these are separate 1-byte values.)

 4. 資料結構 資料結構描述了資料的布局(或者我理解為一種協議),程式根據這些約定好的布局,訪問特定資料域得到目標值。(Computers know the layout of the data because of data structures. A data structure describes how data are laid out. It works like a template or map. The data structure is broken up into  fields, and each field has a size and name, although this information is not saved with the  data.) 5. 標誌位有時需要的資訊是二值的,一個位即可儲存,然而電腦的最小儲存單位是位元組,這時可把若干位組合成一個位元組,每一位稱作一個標誌位。(這時各種強大的位元運算可以大顯身手了~) (A more efficient  method is to pack several of these binary conditions into one value. Each bit in the value  corresponds to a feature or option.)   Booting Process虛線描述了電腦通電後控制權的轉交過程,即BIOS->MBR->VBR->OS中的引導代碼

【FSFA 讀書筆記】Ch 2 Computer Foundatinons(1)

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