一、ContentProvider介紹
ContentProvider翻譯為“內容提供者”;
定義:指該應用程式套件含一些方法,供外界訪問,其他應用程式可以調用該方法,比如如果應用A建立了一個資料庫“test.db”,預設是私人的,即其他應用程式不能對其進行操作,但是如果應用A使用了ContentProvider,則其他應用程式可以訪問該資料庫;
用途:某個應用對外共用資料;
注意點:和Activity一樣,都是Android 的Component之一,如果要建立,則需要在AndroidManifest.xml中設定;
好處:提供了統一的insert,update,delete,query方法,操作任何資料;
二、URI介紹
URI:類似於我們以前使用的URI,但是此處URI的目的是為了能夠根據URI以及調用的方法來決定怎樣操作資料,比如:
uri="..../person",調用insert方法,則表示需要插入一條person記錄;
ContentProvider中使用的URI注意點:
(1)以 content:// 開頭;
(2)模式為:content://authorities/path;其中authorities類似於網域名稱或IP,用來標識操作哪個ContentProvider,path表示具體的操作;
舉例:
content://org.xiazdong.providers.personprovider/person 表示調用“org.xiazdong.providers.personprovider”的方法,操作person資料;
補充:ContentUris輔助類
URI uri = ContentUris.withAppendId(URI param,int id); //為某個URI添加一個ID
比如param = "content://authorities/person",id=10,則uri = "content://authorities/person/10";
long id = ContentUris.parseId(URI uri); //提取URI中最後的ID
比如uri = "content://authorities/person/10",則返回的id=10;
三、ContentProvider開發步驟簡要說明
1.建立一個類,並繼承ContentProvider,比如PersonProvider;
2.在AndroidManifest.xml中設定:
<provider android:name=".PersonProvider" android:authorities="org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider"/>
3.定義UriMatcher,
private UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); //建立一個URI匹配器,參數為不匹配時的傳回值
在onCreate中使用matcher.addURI("authorities","path",code); //加入匹配的URI,如果匹配,則matcher.match(uri)返回code;
如果要匹配:content://authorities/path/數字 ,則matcher.addURI("authorites","path/#",code);
4.重寫:
onCreate():用於為操作資料做準備;
insert:插入資料,返回插入的記錄所代表的URI;
update:更新資料,返回操作影響的記錄行數;
delete:刪除資料,返回操作影響的記錄行數;
query:查詢資料,返回Cursor;
getType:記錄的類型,如果操作集合,則必須以vnd.android.cursor.dir開頭,如果操作非集合,則必須以vnd.android.cursor.item開頭,比如vnd.android.cursor.dir/person
5.外部調用:
ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
resolver.insert();
resolver.update();
resolver.delete();
resolver.query();
四、應用執行個體
AndroidManifest.xml
<provider android:name=".PersonProvider"android:authorities="org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider" ></provider>
PersonProvider.java
package org.xiazdong.db;import android.content.ContentProvider;import android.content.ContentUris;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.content.UriMatcher;import android.database.Cursor;import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;import android.net.Uri;public class PersonProvider extends ContentProvider{private DatabaseHelper helper;private SQLiteDatabase db;private UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);@Overridepublic boolean onCreate() {helper = new DatabaseHelper(this.getContext());//匹配:content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person,傳回值為1matcher.addURI("org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider", "person", 1);//匹配:content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person/數字,傳回值為2matcher.addURI("org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider", "person/#", 2);return true;}@Overridepublic Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {db = helper.getWritableDatabase();switch(matcher.match(uri)){case 1://查詢所有記錄return db.query("person", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, null);case 2://查詢特定記錄long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);String where = "id="+id;if(selection!=null&&!"".equals(selection)){//因為selection可能還包含其他的where語句,需要再加上 "and id=?"where = where + " and "+selection;}return db.query("person", projection, where, selectionArgs, null, null, null);default:throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong uri");}}/* * 如果操作集合,則必須以vnd.android.cursor.dir開頭 * 如果操作非集合,則必須以vnd.android.cursor.item開頭 * */@Overridepublic String getType(Uri uri) {switch(matcher.match(uri)){case 1:return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";case 2:return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";}}/* * values為插入的資料 * 返回:插入的資料所代表的URI * */@Overridepublic Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {db = helper.getWritableDatabase();switch(matcher.match(uri)){case 1:long rowid = db.insert("person", null, values);return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, rowid);//返回插入的記錄所代表的URIdefault:throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong uri");}}@Overridepublic int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {db = helper.getWritableDatabase();switch(matcher.match(uri)){case 1:return db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);case 2://刪除特定id記錄long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);String where = "id="+id;if(selection!=null&&!"".equals(selection)){where += " and "+selection;}return db.delete("person", where, selectionArgs);default:throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong uri");}}@Overridepublic int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,String[] selectionArgs) {db = helper.getWritableDatabase();switch(matcher.match(uri)){case 1:return db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);case 2://更新特定id記錄long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);String where = "id="+id;if(selection!=null&&!"".equals(selection)){where += " and "+selection;}return db.update("person", values,where, selectionArgs);default:throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong uri");}}}
以下我們建立一個測試類別:
ContentProviderTest.java
package org.xiazdong.db.test;import org.xiazdong.db.domain.Person;import android.content.ContentResolver;import android.content.ContentValues;import android.database.Cursor;import android.net.Uri;import android.test.AndroidTestCase;import android.util.Log;public class ContentProviderTest extends AndroidTestCase{public void testInsert()throws Exception{//插入"name=yyy,age=100"的記錄Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person");ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();ContentValues values = new ContentValues();values.put("name", "yyy");values.put("age", 100);resolver.insert(uri, values);}public void testUpdate()throws Exception{//更新id=5的記錄為name=yyy,age=100Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person/5");ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();ContentValues values = new ContentValues();values.put("name", "yyy");values.put("age", 100);resolver.update(uri, values, null, null);}public void testDelete()throws Exception{//刪除id=11的記錄Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person/5");//刪除id=11的記錄ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();resolver.delete(uri, null, null);}public void testQuery()throws Exception{//插入全部記錄並顯示Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://org.xiazdong.provides.personprovider/person");//查詢所有記錄ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);while(cursor.moveToNext()){Person person = new Person(cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("id")),cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name")),cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age")));Log.v("ContentProvider", person.toString());}}}