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一、Hibernate簡介
在很多情境下,我們不需要使用JdbcTemplate直接操作SQL語句,這時候可以用ORM工具來節省數大量的的代碼和開發時間。ORM工具能夠把注意力從容易出錯的SQL代碼轉向如何?應用程式的真正需求。
Spring對ORM架構的支援提供了與這些架構的整合點以及一些附加的服務:
- 支援整合Spring聲明式事務;
- 透明的異常處理;
- 安全執行緒的、輕量級的模板類;
- DAO支援類;
- 資源管理。
Hibernate是在開發人員社區很流行的開源ORM架構。
二、Spring+Hibernate執行個體1.建立資料庫表
mysql建立資料庫store,然後執行如下sql:
1 create table Category (2 Id int not null,3 Name varchar(80) null,4 constraint pk_category primary key (Id)5 );6 7 INSERT INTO category(id,Name) VALUES (1,‘女裝‘);8 INSERT INTO category(id,Name) VALUES (2,‘美妝‘);9 INSERT INTO category(id,Name) VALUES (3,‘書籍‘);
db_store.sql2.代碼結構
我用的IDE是IdeaIU,通過maven構建項目,通過xml配置spring。完成後的代碼結構為:
3.建立實體類Category
class Category{ private int cateId; private String cateName; //次數省略get,set方法
@Override public String toString() { return "id="+cateId+" name="+cateName; }}
4.修改pom.xml,引入相關依賴。
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>4.3.5.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.30</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
5.配置applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/store"></property> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="root"></property> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml"/> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven/> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/> </bean> <bean id="categoryDao" class="CategoryDao"> <constructor-arg ref="sessionFactory"></constructor-arg> </bean></beans>
dataSource沒什麼特別的,就不在解釋了。看下其他幾點:
①hibernate sessionFactory:
使用Hibernate所需的主要介面是org.hibernate.Session,Session介面提供了CRUD等最基本的資料訪問功能。通過Hibernate的Session介面,應用程式的Repository能夠滿足所有的持久化需求。而擷取Hibernate Session對象的標準方式是藉助於Hibernate SessionFactory介面的實作類別。
在sessionFactory配置主要設定了兩個屬性:dataSource設定了資料連線,configLocation設定了hibernate設定檔的路徑。
②事務
要是資料庫操作支援事務,需要配置<tx:annotation-driven/>和transactionManager。
6.hibernate配置
①hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version=‘1.0‘ encoding=‘utf-8‘?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-configuration><session-factory> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <mapping resource="hibernate/Category.hbm.xml"/></session-factory></hibernate-configuration>
②Category.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-mapping> <class name="Category" table="Category"> <id name="cateId" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="cateName" column="name"/> </class></hibernate-mapping>
7.資料訪問實作類別CategoryDao
如果方法要支援事務,需要加註解@Transactional。
public class CategoryDao { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; public CategoryDao(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory; } private Session currentSession() { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); } @Transactional public void save(Category category) { currentSession().save(category); } @Transactional public void update(Category category){ currentSession().update(category); } @Transactional public void delete(int id) { Query query = currentSession().createSQLQuery("DELETE FROM category WHERE Id=::ID"); query.setInteger("::ID", id); query.executeUpdate(); } @Transactional public int count() { return getAll().size(); } @Transactional public Category getById(int id) { Criteria criteria=currentSession().createCriteria(Category.class); criteria.add(Restrictions.eq("id",id)); return (Category) criteria.uniqueResult(); } @Transactional public List<Category> getAll() { return currentSession().createCriteria(Category.class).list(); }}
8.測試
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)public class testCategoryDao { @Autowired private CategoryDao categoryDao; @Test public void testAdd() { Category category = new Category(); category.setCateId(4); category.setCateName("母嬰"); categoryDao.save(category); } @Test public void testUpdate() { Category category = new Category(); category.setCateId(4); category.setCateName("男裝"); categoryDao.update(category); } @Test public void testGetById() { int id = 4; Category category = categoryDao.getById(id); if(category==null){ System.out.println("not exist"); }else { System.out.println(category.toString()); } } @Test public void testGetAll() { List<Category> categories = categoryDao.getAll(); for (Category item : categories) { System.out.println(item); } } @Test public void testCount() { int count = categoryDao.count(); System.out.println(count); } @Test public void testDelete() { int id = 4; categoryDao.delete(id); }}
源碼地址:https://github.com/cathychen00/learnjava/tree/master/DemoHibernate
JAVA入門[20]-Hibernate簡單樣本