Handler、Looper、Message分析,handlerlooper

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Handler、Looper、Message分析,handlerlooper

我們都知道,耗時操作不應該在主線程中執行,比如從伺服器擷取資料然後更新介面。但是,介面更新卻只能在主線程中執行。這時,一般都會開啟線程擷取伺服器的資料,然後通過Handler將資料發送到主線程,在主線程中進行介面更新。一般來說我們的做法都是這樣:

 1 new Thread(new Runnable() { 2   @Override 3   public void run() { 4     Looper.prepare(); 5     mHandler = new MyHandler(); 6     Message msg = new Message(); 7     msg.obj = "Text"; 8     mHandler.sendMessage(msg); 9     Looper.loop();10   }11 }).start();

 

MyHandler繼承Handler,並且複寫了handleMessage(Message msg)方法,代碼如下:

1 class MyHandler extends Handler{2   @Override3   public void handleMessage(Message msg) {4     String text = (String)msg.obj;5     mTextView.setText(text);6   }7 }

 


在handleMessage方法中,就可以處理從線程中發送過來的資料並更新控制項(mTextView)了。知道怎麼用,有個蛋用啊,得知道其原理啊(衰!!!)。那就來看源碼吧。

1)來看看Looper.prepare做了什嗎?
prepare()方法中調用了其重載方法,並傳入了參數true。

1 private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) { 2   if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {3     throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");4   }      5   sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));6 }

 

sThreadLocal是ThreadLoacl是對象,關於ThreadLocal,只需要知道ThreadLocal為每個使用該變數的線程提供獨立的變數副本,所以每一個線程都可以獨立地改變自己的副本,而不會影響其它線程所對應的副本。這裡的sThreadLocal儲存的是Looper對象。一個線程中最多隻能有一個Looper,並且只能在prepare方法中建立。所以一個線程中最多隻能調用一次Looper.prepare,否則就會拋出RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread")。
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed)); new出了一個Looper並且將其添加進sThreadLocal中。
2)Looper的構造方法中做了什嗎?

1 private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) { 2   mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);3   mRun = true;4   mThread = Thread.currentThread();5 }

MessageQueue是一個先進先出的訊息佇列,我們通過handler發送的訊息就是由其。

3)發送訊息
現在MessageQueue已經有了,就等訊息發送過來了。通過handler.sendMessage方法發送的訊息,最終都會進入到下面這個方法中:

 1 public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { 2   MessageQueue queue = mQueue; 3     if (queue == null) { 4     RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( 5     this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); 6     Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);  7     return false; 8   } 9   return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);10 }

 

mQueue是在構造方法中通過獲得當前線程的Looper來擷取的。enqueueMessage,最終其實現是調用MessageQueue.enqueueMessage來實現,就是將訊息添加到隊列中,來是怎麼實現的。

 1 final boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) { 2   if (msg.isInUse()) { 3     throw new AndroidRuntimeException(msg + " This message is already in use."); 4   }  5   if (msg.target == null) { 6     throw new AndroidRuntimeException("Message must have a target."); 7   } 8  9   boolean needWake;10   synchronized (this) {11   if (mQuiting) {12     RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(13     msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");14     Log.w("MessageQueue", e.getMessage(), e); 15     return false;16   }17 18   msg.when = when; 19   Message p = mMessages;20   if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {21     // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.22     msg.next = p;23     mMessages = msg;24     needWake = mBlocked;25   } else {26     // Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake27   // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue28   // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.29   needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();30   Message prev;31   for (;;) {32     prev = p;33     p = p.next;34     if (p == null || when < p.when) {35       break;36     }37     if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {38       needWake = false;39     }40   }41   msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next42   prev.next = msg;43   }44 }45   if (needWake) {46     nativeWake(mPtr);47   }48   return true;49 }

方法有點長,挑重點看。訊息的添加,其實就是在if else中這一段代碼中實現的。Message,是璉表。知道了這一點,其實上面的重點代碼也就不難理解了。當前隊列為空白,或者when(從開機到現在的毫秒數,加上delay)為0,或者當前的訊息的時間比前一個訊息的時間小,都會被判斷為當前隊列中沒有訊息。代碼會進入到if片段。當隊列中有訊息,進入到else,通過璉表添加元素的方式,把訊息添加到隊列中。
OK,發送訊息,把訊息添加進隊列的都已經完成了,那訊息是如何從隊列中取出來,並交給handler處理的呢?
4)Looper.loop()
從隊列中取出訊息,並交給handler處理,都在這裡面了。

 1     /**                                                                                                                                                        2      * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call 3      * {@link #quit()} to end the loop. 4      */ 5     public static void loop() { 6         final Looper me = myLooper(); 7         if (me == null) { 8             throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); 9         }10         final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;11 12         // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,13         // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.14         Binder.clearCallingIdentity();15         final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();16 17         for (;;) {18             Message msg = queue.next(); // might block19             if (msg == null) {20                 // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.21                 return;22             }23 24             // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger25             Printer logging = me.mLogging;26             if (logging != null) {27                 logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +28                         msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);29             }30 31             msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);32 33             if (logging != null) {34                 logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);

額,也相當長,同樣,看重點。Message msg = queue.next();這個,用腳趾頭想也是從隊列中取出訊息。不看了。 msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);msg.target,就是handler。
handler.dispatchMessage如下:

 1     public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {                                                                                                                 2         if (msg.callback != null) { 3             handleCallback(msg); 4         } else { 5             if (mCallback != null) { 6                 if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { 7                     return; 8                 }    9             }   10             handleMessage(msg);11         }   12     }   

這個,看到了我們熟悉的handleMessage。
收工。

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