如何統計全天各個時間段產品銷量情況（sqlserver）_MsSql

資料庫環境：SQL SERVER 2005

現有一個產品銷售即時表，表資料如下：

欄位name是產品名稱，欄位type是銷售類型，1表示售出，2表示退貨，欄位num是數量，欄位ctime是操作時間。

要求：

　　在一行中統計24小時內所有貨物的銷售（售出，退貨）資料，把日期考慮在內。

分析：

　　這實際上是行轉列的一個應用，在進行行轉列之前，需要補全24小時的所有資料。補全資料可以通過系統的數字輔助表

spt_values來實現，進行行轉列時，根據type和處理後的ctime分組即可。

1.建表，匯入資料

CREATE TABLE snake (name VARCHAR(10 ),type INT,num INT, ctime DATETIME )INSERT INTO snake VALUES(' 即食麵', 1,10 ,'2015-08-10 16:20:05')INSERT INTO snake VALUES(' 香煙A ', 2,2 ,'2015-08-10 18:21:10')INSERT INTO snake VALUES(' 香煙A ', 1,5 ,'2015-08-10 20:21:10')INSERT INTO snake VALUES(' 香煙B', 1,6 ,'2015-08-10 20:21:10')INSERT INTO snake VALUES(' 香煙B', 2,9 ,'2015-08-10 20:21:10')INSERT INTO snake VALUES(' 香煙C', 2,9 ,'2015-08-10 20:21:10')

2.補全24小時的資料

/*枚舉0-23自然數列*/WITH  x0     AS ( SELECT  number AS h        FROM   master..spt_values        WHERE  type = 'P'            AND number >= 0            AND number <= 23       ),/*找出表所有的日期*/    x1     AS ( SELECT DISTINCT            CONVERT(VARCHAR(100), ctime, 23) AS d        FROM   snake       ),/*補全所有日期的24小時*/    x2     AS ( SELECT  x1.d ,            x0.h        FROM   x1            CROSS JOIN x0       ),    x3     AS ( SELECT  name ,            type ,            num ,            DATEPART(hour, ctime) AS h        FROM   snake       ),/*整理行轉列需要用到的資料*/    x4     AS ( SELECT  x2.d ,            x2.h ,            x3.name ,            x3.type ,            x3.num        FROM   x2            LEFT JOIN x3 ON x3.h = x2.h       )

3.行轉列

SELECT ISNULL([0], 0) AS [00] ,      ISNULL([1], 0) AS [01] ,      ISNULL([2], 0) AS [02] ,      ISNULL([3], 0) AS [03] ,      ISNULL([4], 0) AS [04] ,      ISNULL([5], 0) AS [05] ,      ISNULL([6], 0) AS [06] ,      ISNULL([3], 7) AS [07] ,      ISNULL([8], 0) AS [08] ,      ISNULL([9], 0) AS [09] ,      ISNULL([10], 0) AS [10] ,      ISNULL([3], 11) AS [11] ,      ISNULL([12], 0) AS [12] ,      ISNULL([13], 0) AS [13] ,      ISNULL([14], 0) AS [14] ,      ISNULL([3], 15) AS [15] ,      ISNULL([16], 0) AS [16] ,      ISNULL([17], 0) AS [17] ,      ISNULL([18], 0) AS [18] ,      ISNULL([19], 15) AS [19] ,      ISNULL([20], 0) AS [20] ,      ISNULL([21], 0) AS [21] ,      ISNULL([22], 0) AS [22] ,      ISNULL([23], 15) AS [23] ,      type ,      d AS date  FROM  ( SELECT  d ,            h ,            type ,            num       FROM   x4      ) t PIVOT( SUM(num) FOR h IN ( [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6],                      [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12],                      [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18],                      [19], [20], [21], [22], [23] ) ) t  WHERE  type IS NOT NULL

來看一下最終效果，只有1天的資料，可能看起來不是很直觀。

本文的技術點有2個：

　　1.利用數字輔助表補全缺失的記錄

　　2.pivot行轉列函數的使用

以上內容是如何統計全天各個時間段產品銷量情況（sqlserver）的全部內容，希望大家喜歡。