CentOS下如何尋找大檔案

標籤：

在Windows系統中，我們可以使用TreeSize工具尋找一些大檔案或檔案夾，非常的方便高效，在Linux系統中，如何去搜尋一些比較大的檔案呢？下面我整理了一下在Linux系統中如何尋找大檔案或檔案夾的方法。

 

1： 如何尋找大檔案？

其實很多時候，你需要瞭解當前系統下有哪些大檔案，比如檔案大小超過100M或1G（閥值視具體情況而定）。那麼如何把這些大檔案搜尋出來呢？例如我要搜尋目前的目錄下，超過800M大小的檔案

[[email protected] u03]# pwd

/u03

[[email protected] u03]# find . -type f -size +800M

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

 

如上命令所示，我們僅僅能看到超過800M大小的檔案的檔案名稱，但是對檔案的資訊（例如，檔案大小、檔案屬性）一無所知，那麼能否更詳細顯示一些檔案屬性或資訊呢，當然可以，如下所示

[[email protected] u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 ls -l

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2782846976 Mar  6 11:51 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1878433792 Mar  6 11:53 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1378492416 Mar  6 11:54 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1641381888 Mar  6 11:56 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1564065792 Mar  6 11:58 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1663492096 Mar  6 12:00 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1368244224 Mar  6 12:02 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629069312 Mar  6 12:04 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1629954048 Mar  6 12:06 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1202192384 Mar  6 12:07 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1189388288 Mar  6 12:10 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1089257472 Mar  6 12:11 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1097687040 Mar  6 12:12 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1051009024 Mar  6 12:13 ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:07 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4194312192 Apr  1 22:36 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:54 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  3 15:57 ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4294975488 Apr  1 22:35 ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr  4 09:55 ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8589942784 Apr  4 09:15 ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

當我們只需要尋找超過800M大小檔案，並顯示尋找出來檔案的具體大小，可以使用下面命令

[[email protected] u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 du -h

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

1.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

1004M   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

2.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

1.8G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

4.0G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

 

如果你還需要對尋找結果按照檔案大小做一個排序，那麼可以使用下面命令

[[email protected] u03]# find . -type f -size +800M  -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -nr

1004M   ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873524162_s46823_s1

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs02.dbf

8.1G    ./oradata/epps/undotbs01.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/invsubmat_d08.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x02.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_x01.dbf

4.1G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d07.dbf

4.0G    ./oradata/epps/gmtinv_d08.dbf

2.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873513413_s46809_s1

1.8G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873514789_s46810_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873520789_s46817_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519953_s46816_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873518302_s46814_s1

1.6G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873516500_s46812_s1

1.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873517396_s46813_s1

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873519197_s46815_s1

1.3G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873515765_s46811_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873522876_s46820_s1

1.2G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873521714_s46818_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523646_s46822_s1

1.1G    ./flash_recovery_area/backup/backupsets/ora_df873523321_s46821_s1

不過如上所示，有時候排列的順序並不完全是按大小一致，這個是因為du命令的參數h所致，你可以統一使用使用MB來顯示，這樣就能解決這個問題。到這裡，這個在Linux系統尋找大檔案的命令已經非常完美了，當然如果你還有很多的需求，那麼可以在這個命令上做修改、調整.

 

2: 如何尋找Linux下的大目錄

譬如有時候磁碟空間警示了，而你平時又疏於管理、監控檔案的增長，那麼我需要快速的瞭解哪些目錄變得比較大，那麼此時我們可以藉助du命令來幫我們解決這個問題。

[[email protected] u03]# du -h --max-depth=1

16K     ./lost+found

33G     ./flash_recovery_area

37G     ./oradata

70G     .

如果你想知道flash_recovery_area目錄下面有哪些大檔案夾，那麼可以將參數max-depth=2 ，如果你想對搜尋出來的結果進行排序，那麼可以藉助於sort命令。如下所示

[[email protected] u03]# du -h --max-depth=2 | sort -n

3.5G    ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS

16K     ./lost+found

29G     ./flash_recovery_area/backup

33G     ./flash_recovery_area

37G     ./oradata

37G     ./oradata/epps

70G     .

[[email protected] u03]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n

1       ./lost+found

3527    ./flash_recovery_area/EPPS

29544   ./flash_recovery_area/backup

33070   ./flash_recovery_area

37705   ./oradata

37705   ./oradata/epps

70775   .

[[email protected] u03]# cd /

[[email protected] /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -n

有時候搜尋出來的結果太多了（譬如，我從根目錄開始搜尋），一直在刷屏，如果我只想查出最大的12個檔案夾，怎麼辦呢？此時就要藉助head命令來顯示了

[[email protected] /]# du -hm --max-depth=2 | sort -nr | head -12

407480  .

167880  ./u04

158685  ./u02/oradata

158685  ./u02

152118  ./u04/oradata

70775   ./u03

37705   ./u03/oradata

33070   ./u03/flash_recovery_area

5995    ./u01/app

5995    ./u01

3551    ./usr

1558    ./usr/share

[[email protected] /]# 

 

參考資料：

http://linuxandfriends.com/how-to-find-large-files-in-linux-using-command-line/

http://www.docin.com/p-563963500.html

CentOS下如何尋找大檔案