虛函數為了重載和多態的需要,在基類中是由定義的,即便定義是空,所以子類中可以重寫也可以不寫基類中的函數!
純虛函數在基類中是沒有定義的,必須在子類中加以實現,很像java中的介面函數!
虛函數
引入原因:為了方便使用多態特性,我們常常需要在基類中定義虛函數。
而在php5中如何?這個虛函數呢?請看下面的代碼:
<?php class A { public function x() { echo "A::x() was called.\n"; } public function y() { self::x(); echo "A::y() was called.\n"; } public function z() { $this->x(); echo "A::z() was called.\n"; } } class B extends A { public function x() { echo "B::x() was called.\n"; } } $b = new B(); $b->y(); echo "--\n"; $b->z(); ?>
該例中,A::y()調用了A::x(),而B::x()覆蓋了A::x(),那麼當調用B::y()時,B::y()應該調用A::x()還是 B::x()呢?在C++中,如果A::x()未被定義為虛函數,那麼B::y()(也就是A::y())將調用A::x(),而如果A::x()使用 virtual關鍵字定義成虛函數,那麼B::y()將調用B::x()。然而,在PHP5中,虛函數的功能是由 self 和 $this 關鍵字實現的。如果父類中A::y()中使用 self::x() 的方式調用了 A::x(),那麼在子類中不論A::x()是否被覆蓋,A::y()調用的都是A::x();而如果父類中A::y()使用 $this->x() 的方式調用了 A::x(),那麼如果在子類中A::x()被B::x()覆蓋,A::y()將會調用B::x()。
上例的運行結果如下:
A::x() was called. A::y() was called. --B::x() was called. A::z() was called.
virtual-function.php
<?php class ParentClass { static public function say( $str ) { static::do_print( $str ); } static public function do_print( $str ) { echo "<p>Parent says $str</p>"; } } class ChildClass extends ParentClass { static public function do_print( $str ) { echo "<p>Child says $str</p>"; } } class AnotherChildClass extends ParentClass { static public function do_print( $str ) { echo "<p>AnotherChild says $str</p>"; } } echo phpversion(); $a=new ChildClass(); $a->say( 'Hello' ); $b=new AnotherChildClass(); $b->say( 'Hello' );