多線程在各種程式設計語言中都是痛點,很多語言中實現起來很麻煩,objective-c雖然源於c,但其多線程編程卻相當簡單,可以與java相媲美。這篇文章主要從線程建立與啟動、線程的同步與鎖、線程的互動、線程池等等四個方面簡單的講解一下iphone中的多線程編程。
一、線程建立與啟動
線程建立主要有二種方式:
- (id)init; // designated initializer
- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument;當然,還有一種比較特殊,就是使用所謂的convenient method,這個方法可以直接產生一個線程並啟動它,而且無需為線程的清理負責。這個方法的介面是:
+ (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)aSelector toTarget:(id)aTarget withObject:(id)anArgument前兩種方法建立後,需要手機啟動,啟動的方法是:
- (void)start;
二、線程的同步與鎖
要說明線程的同步與鎖,最好的例子可能就是多個視窗同時售票的售票系統了。我們知道在java中,使用synchronized來同步,而iphone雖然沒有提供類似java下的synchronized關鍵字,但提供了NSCondition對象介面。查看NSCondition的介面說明可以看出,NSCondition是iphone下的鎖對象,所以我們可以使用NSCondition實現iphone中的安全執行緒。這是來源於網上的一個例子:
SellTicketsAppDelegate.h 檔案
// SellTicketsAppDelegate.h
import
@interface SellTicketsAppDelegate : NSObject {
int tickets;
int count;
NSThread* ticketsThreadone;
NSThread* ticketsThreadtwo;
NSCondition* ticketsCondition;
UIWindow *window;
}
@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
@end
SellTicketsAppDelegate.m 檔案
// SellTicketsAppDelegate.m
import "SellTicketsAppDelegate.h"
@implementation SellTicketsAppDelegate
@synthesize window;
- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
tickets = 100;
count = 0;
// 鎖對象
ticketCondition = [[NSCondition alloc] init];
ticketsThreadone = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
[ticketsThreadone setName:@"Thread-1"];
[ticketsThreadone start];
ticketsThreadtwo = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
[ticketsThreadtwo setName:@"Thread-2"];
[ticketsThreadtwo start];
//[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
// Override point for customization after application launch
[window makeKeyAndVisible];
}
- (void)run{
while (TRUE) {
// 上鎖
[ticketsCondition lock];
if(tickets > 0){
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.5];
count = 100 - tickets;
NSLog(@"當前票數是:%d,售出:%d,線程名:%@",tickets,count,[[NSThread currentThread] name]);
tickets--;
}else{
break;
}
[ticketsCondition unlock];
}
}
- (void)dealloc {
[ticketsThreadone release];
[ticketsThreadtwo release];
[ticketsCondition release];
[window release];
[super dealloc];
}
@end
三、線程的互動
線程在運行過程中,可能需要與其它線程進行通訊,如在主線程中修改介面等等,可以使用如下介面:
- (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait
由於在本過程中,可能需要釋放一些資源,則需要使用NSAutoreleasePool來進行管理,如:
- (void)startTheBackgroundJob {
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
// to do something in your thread job
...
[self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(makeMyProgressBarMoving) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
[pool release];
}
如果你什麼都不考慮,線上程函數內調用 autorelease 、那麼會出現下面的錯誤:
NSAutoReleaseNoPool(): Object 0x********* of class NSConreteData autoreleased with no pool in place ….
四、關於線程池,大家可以查看NSOperation的相關資料