如何利用指令碼實現MySQL的快速部署以及一機多執行個體的部署

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如何利用指令碼實現MySQL的快速部署以及一機多執行個體的部署

MySQL有三個版本:二進位,源碼包,RPM。下面講講二進位包的安裝過程

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

選擇Linux-Generic

我這裡選擇的是mysql-5.6.28-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

解壓後,裡面有個檔案INSTALL-BINARY,其實給出了二進位包的部署過程

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

相對於實際生產環境的部署,上面在初始化資料庫的過程中少了一步-即指定設定檔,如果設定檔確認了,資料目錄,日誌目錄都確認了,MySQL二進位版本的部署還是相當容易的一件事情。

下面寫了一個指令碼,基於後面提供的設定檔,執行格式如下:

sh 4.sh /root/mysql-5.6.28-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz /mysql3306 3306

其中 4.sh是指令碼,/root/mysql-5.6.28-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz是二進位包的絕對路徑,/mysql3306是basedir,3306是需設定的連接埠,

利用該指令碼,只需要預先定義好設定檔,就可進行MySQL資料庫的快速部署以及一台伺服器上多個執行個體的部署。

#!/bin/bash
#需傳入三個參數,第一個是mysql二進位壓縮包的路徑(絕對路徑),譬如/root/mysql-5.6.28-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz,
#第二個是mysql的basedir,即需要建立在哪個目錄下,第三個是設定的連接埠號碼
filename=$1
basedir=$2
port=$3

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
cd /usr/local
tar zxvf $filename
#file是擷取mysql二進位包的名稱,譬如mysql-5.6.28-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
#dir是mysql壓縮包的路徑,不含包名本身,譬如/root,因為後續的設定檔my.cnf也是放到這個路徑下
file=`basename $filename`
dir=`dirname $filename`

#擷取解壓後的名字,即mysql-5.6.28-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
after_tar_file=${file:0:-7}
#將二進位包改名為 mysql+連接埠號碼,這樣也便於後續的區分
mv $after_tar_file mysql"$port"
cd mysql"$port"

#將原始的設定檔(需和mysql壓縮包放到同層目錄下,在本例中是/root/my.cnf)copy到解壓並改名後的mysql二進位目錄下,修改為my+連接埠號碼.cnf
cp $dir/my.cnf ./my"$port".cnf
user_cnf=my"$port".cnf
#下面主要是將原始設定檔中的路徑修改為自己設定的路徑,即傳入的第二個參數
#整個的挑戰在於傳入的路徑帶有"/",在sed替換時會有問題,所有用了一個取巧的思路,即先將"/"替換為"|",進行sed替換,然後再將檔案中的"|"修改回"/"
basedir_new=${basedir/\//|}
sed -i "s/\/project\/class2/$basedir_new/g"  $user_cnf
sed -i "s/|/\//g" $user_cnf

#設定server_id,取當前的秒值
server_id=`date +%s`
sed -i /^server_id/s/.*/server_id="$server_id"/ $user_cnf
#設定連接埠號碼
sed -i /^port/s/.*/port="$port"/ $user_cnf

#建立必要的目錄並修改許可權
mkdir -p "$basedir"/mysql/run/ && mkdir -p "$basedir"/mysql/data && mkdir -p "$basedir"/mysql/share && \
mkdir -p "$basedir"/mysql/log && mkdir -p "$basedir"/mysql/tmp

chown -R mysql $basedir
chgrp -R mysql $basedir

#下面這個是非必要的,具體看後面的總結
cp share/english/errmsg.sys "$basedir"/mysql/share/

#初始化時--force也是非必要的,具體可見後面的總結
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file="$user_cnf" --force
bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$user_cnf" --user=mysql &

下面給出了設定檔的一個參考,大家可根據實際情況進行相應的修改

[mysqld_safe]
pid-file=/project/class2/mysql/run/mysqld.pid

[mysql]
port=3306
prompt=\\u@\\d \\r:\\m:\\s>
default-character-set=utf8
no-auto-rehash

[client]
port=3306
socket=/project/class2/mysql/run/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#dir
basedir=/project/class2/mysql
datadir=/project/class2/mysql/data
tmpdir=/tmp
lc_messages_dir=/project/class2/mysql/share
log-error=/project/class2/mysql/log/alert.log
slow_query_log_file=/project/class2/mysql/log/slow.log
general_log_file=/project/class2/mysql/log/general.log
socket=/project/class2/mysql/run/mysql.sock

#innodb
innodb_data_home_dir=/project/class2/mysql/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/project/class2/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:2G;ibdata2:16M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size=10G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=4
innodb_log_files_in_group=2
innodb_log_file_size=1G
innodb_log_buffer_size=200M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60
innodb_io_capacity=1000
innodb_thread_concurrency=16
innodb_read_io_threads=8
innodb_write_io_threads=8
innodb_open_files=60000
innodb_file_format=Barracuda
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT
innodb_change_buffering=inserts
innodb_adaptive_flushing=1
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_read_ahead=0
innodb_use_native_aio=0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=5
innodb_rollback_on_timeout=0
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_strict_mode=1
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED

#myisam
key_buffer=64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M
concurrent_insert=2
delayed_insert_timeout=300

#replication
master-info-file=/project/class2/mysql/log/master.info
relay-log=/project/class2/mysql/log/relaylog
relay_log_info_file=/project/class2/mysql/log/relay-log.info
relay-log-index=/project/class2/mysql/log/mysqld-relay-bin.index
slave_load_tmpdir=/project/class2/mysql/tmp
slave_type_conversions="ALL_NON_LOSSY"
slave_net_timeout=4
skip-slave-start
sync_master_info=1000
sync_relay_log_info=1000

#binlog
log-bin=/project/class2/mysql/log/mysql-bin
server_id=2552763370
binlog_cache_size=32K
max_binlog_cache_size=2G
max_binlog_size=500M
binlog-format=ROW
sync_binlog=1000
log-slave-updates=1
expire_logs_days=0

#server
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
lower_case_table_names=1
skip-external-locking
open_files_limit=65536
safe-user-create
local-infile=1
#sqlmod="STRICT_ALL_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE"

log_slow_admin_statements=1
log_warnings=1
long_query_time=1
slow_query_log=1
general_log=0

query_cache_type=0
query_cache_limit=1M
query_cache_min_res_unit=1K

table_definition_cache=65536

thread_stack=512K
thread_cache_size=256
read_rnd_buffer_size=128K
sort_buffer_size=256K
join_buffer_size=128K
read_buffer_size=128K

port=3306
skip-name-resolve
skip-ssl
max_connections=4500
max_user_connections=4000
max_connect_errors=65536
max_allowed_packet=128M
connect_timeout=8
net_read_timeout=30
net_write_timeout=60
back_log=1024

總結:

在初始化的過程中,如果報以下錯誤:

FATAL ERROR: Neither host 'keepalived02' nor 'localhost' could be looked up with
/mysql3306/mysql/bin/resolveip
Please configure the 'hostname' command to return a correct
hostname.
If you want to solve this at a later stage, restart this script
with the --force option

但是在bash終端上執行hostname命令又確實有值返回,可加--force參數,如下所示:

scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file="$user_cnf" --force

如果報以下錯誤:

[ERROR] Can't find messagefile '/mysql3306/mysql/share/errmsg.sys'

可將二進位版本中share/english/errmsg.sys檔案COPY到/mysql3306/mysql/share/下。

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