標籤:模組 http 認證 需要 方法 cer pen creat 認證
import urllib2url = "https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/"headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36"}request = urllib2.Request(url, headers = headers)response = urllib2.urlopen(request)print response.read()
運行結果:
urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)>
所以,如果以後遇到這種網站,我們需要單獨處理SSL認證,讓程式忽略SSL認證驗證錯誤,即可正常訪問。
import urllibimport urllib2# 1. 匯入Python SSL處理模組import ssl# 2. 表示忽略未經核實的SSL認證認證context = ssl._create_unverified_context()url = "https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/"headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36"}request = urllib2.Request(url, headers = headers)# 3. 在urlopen()方法裡 指明添加 context 參數response = urllib2.urlopen(request, context = context)print response.read()
HTTPS請求 SSL認證驗證