CentOS 7.3系統下如何製作一個rpm檔案？，centosrpm

CentOS 7.3系統下如何製作一個rpm檔案？，centosrpm

我們以一個通用的磁碟檢測軟體sas3ircu為例，來看看如何將一個binary檔案打包成一個rpm檔案，然後再運行 rpm -ivh xxx.rpm 將此rpm檔案安裝到系統中。

使用的作業系統是CentOS 7.3. 步驟如下：

Step 1. 安裝3個必要的rpm包製作軟體

    yum install rpm-build    yum install rpmrebuild    yum install rpmdevtools

Step 2. 運行命令，在目前的目錄下產生rpmbuild目錄

這個目錄就是將來rpm-build命令在打包rpm時所需要的目錄。

    rpmdev-setuptree 

rpmbuild目錄的內部結構如下：

rpmbuild/├── BUILD├── RPMS├── SOURCES├── SPECS└── SRPMS

Step 3. 寫一個makefile

    DESTDIR=    dirname=$(DESTDIR)/usr/bin    install : sas3ircu        test -d $(dirname) || mkdir -p $(dirname)        cp sas3ircu $(DESTDIR)/usr/bin/sas3ircu    .PHONY : clean    clean :         rm -f sas3ircu

Step 4. 寫一個spec檔案

    Name: sas3ircu    Version: 16.0.0    Release: 1    Summary: sas3ircu is a disk check utility    Group:  Applications/Engineering    License: N/A    Source0: %{name}-%{version}.tar.gz    %description    This is a disk check utility.    %define debug_package %{nil}    %prep    %setup    %build    make    %install    echo ${RPM_BUILD_ROOT}    make DESTDIR=${RPM_BUILD_ROOT} install    %files    %defattr(-,root,root)    /usr/bin/%(name)

Step 5. 查看現在rpmbuild裡的目錄結構

    .    ├── BUILD    ├── BUILDROOT    ├── RPMS    ├── SOURCES    │   └── sas3ircu-16.0.0    │       ├── makefile    │       └── sas3ircu    ├── SPECS    │   └── sas3ircu.spec    └── SRPMS        └── sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.src.rpm

Step 6. 將SOURCES檔案夾下的內容打包成 sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz

cd SOURCEStar -cf sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar sas3ircu-16.0.0/gzip sas3ircu-16.0.0.tarrm -rf sas3ircu-16.0.0

現在的rpmbuild的目錄結構是這樣的：

    .    ├── BUILD    ├── BUILDROOT    ├── RPMS    ├── SOURCES    │   └── sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz    ├── SPECS    │   └── sas3ircu.spec    └── SRPMS

Step 7. 做rpm包

    rpmbuild -bb ./rpmbuild/SPECS/sas3ircu.spec

注意，有源檔案的情況下使用-ba選項；沒有源檔案只有二進位檔案，可以使用-bb選項。

該命令的執行返回如下：

    [root@host-72 ~]# rpmbuild -bb ./rpmbuild/SPECS/sas3ircu.spec    sh: name: command not found    Executing(%prep): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.XhQG2P    + umask 022    + cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD    + cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD    + rm -rf sas3ircu-16.0.0    + /usr/bin/gzip -dc /root/rpmbuild/SOURCES/sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz    + /usr/bin/tar -xvvf -    drwxrwxr-x finix/finix       0 2018-02-09 21:36 sas3ircu-16.0.0/    -rw-rw-r-- finix/finix     182 2018-02-09 21:31 sas3ircu-16.0.0/makefile    -rwxr-xr-x finix/finix  660560 2018-02-09 15:36 sas3ircu-16.0.0/sas3ircu    + STATUS=0    + '[' 0 -ne 0 ']'    + cd sas3ircu-16.0.0    + /usr/bin/chmod -Rf a+rX,u+w,g-w,o-w .    + exit 0    Executing(%build): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.oAnm6z    + umask 022    + cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD    + cd sas3ircu-16.0.0    + make    test -d /usr/bin || mkdir -p /usr/bin    cp sas3ircu /usr/bin/sas3ircu    + exit 0    Executing(%install): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.FCXhbk    + umask 022    + cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD    + '[' /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 '!=' / ']'    + rm -rf /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64    ++ dirname /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64    + mkdir -p /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT    + mkdir /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64    + cd sas3ircu-16.0.0    + echo /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64    /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64    + make DESTDIR=/root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 install    test -d /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64/usr/bin || mkdir -p /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64/usr/bin    cp sas3ircu /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64/usr/bin/sas3ircu    + /usr/lib/rpm/check-buildroot    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-compress    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-strip /usr/bin/strip    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-strip-comment-note /usr/bin/strip /usr/bin/objdump    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-strip-static-archive /usr/bin/strip    + /usr/lib/rpm/brp-python-bytecompile /usr/bin/python 1    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-python-hardlink    + /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/brp-java-repack-jars    Processing files: sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64    warning: File listed twice: /usr/bin    Provides: sas3ircu = 16.0.0-1 sas3ircu(x86-64) = 16.0.0-1    Requires(rpmlib): rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1 rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1 rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1    Checking for unpackaged file(s): /usr/lib/rpm/check-files /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64    Wrote: /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm    Executing(%clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.kKDpcQ    + umask 022    + cd /root/rpmbuild/BUILD    + cd sas3ircu-16.0.0    + /usr/bin/rm -rf /root/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64    + exit 0

Step 8. 查看rpm包是否產生

[root@host-72 ~]# tree rpmbuild/rpmbuild/├── BUILD│   └── sas3ircu-16.0.0│       ├── makefile│       └── sas3ircu├── BUILDROOT├── RPMS│   └── x86_64│       └── sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm├── SOURCES│   └── sas3ircu-16.0.0.tar.gz├── SPECS│   └── sas3ircu.spec└── SRPMS

Step 9. 驗證產生的rpm包是否能夠被安裝

首先，要刪除已經被copy到/usr/bin目錄下的sas3ircu檔案: rm -f /usr/bin/sas3ircu
然後，安裝rpm檔案：

    [root@host-72 ~]# rpm -ivh ./rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm     Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]        package sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 is already installed        file / from install of sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 conflicts with file from package filesystem-3.2-21.el7.x86_64        file /usr/bin from install of sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64 conflicts with file from package filesystem-3.2-21.el7.x86_64

此時，發現了如上的錯誤。怎麼辦呢？Google.

Step 10. 解決衝突

rpmrebuild -pe ./rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm 

此命令運行後，會開啟一個編輯器（比如vi），讓你編輯該SPEC內容，其中會有如下的一句，將該句刪除，再退出即可：

    # Delete this line    %dir %attr(0755, root, root) "/usr/bin"

Step 11. 再次驗證

先刪除在步驟9中已經安裝的rpm的殘餘部分；然後重複步驟9，驗證該rpm檔案是否能夠被成功安裝。

    [root@host-72 ~]# rpm -e sas3ircu     [root@host-72 ~]# rpm -ivh ./rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/sas3ircu-16.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm     Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]    Updating / installing...       1:sas3ircu-16.0.0-1                ################################# [100%]    [root@host-72 ~]# ls -l /usr/bin/sas3ircu     -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 658632 Feb  9 21:42 /usr/bin/sas3ircu

至此，證明安裝成功，該rpm可用。

最後，關於SPEC檔案的文法還是比較複雜的。如有需要，還要自己多加研究。