Oracle中如何返回兩個日期之間的時間間隔？

我們知道在SQL SERVER中有datediff可以返回兩個日期之間的時間間隔，但在Oracle中卻不存在這樣的函數，那要怎麼實現呢？我們分兩種情況討論：
1.只是粗略返回相隔的天數
  我們知道在Oracle中兩個日期相減返回的就是相差的天數，當然這個天數未必是整數，它會把兩個日期相差的時分秒折算成天數
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE-HIREDATE FROM EMP;
SYSDATE-HIREDATE
----------------
      3.12123843
      9316.66291
      9314.66291
      9275.66291
      9096.66291
      9246.66291
      9207.66291
      9046.66291
      9116.66291
      9030.66291
      9030.66291
      8979.66291
 
此時我們可以用TRUNC函數去擷取我們所要得到的天數：
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE-HIREDATE,TRUNC(SYSDATE-HIREDATE) FROM EMP;
SYSDATE-HIREDATE TRUNC(SYSDATE-HIREDATE)
---------------- -----------------------
      3.12486111                       3
      9316.66653                    9316
      9314.66653                    9314
      9275.66653                    9275
      9096.66653                    9096
      9246.66653                    9246
      9207.66653                    9207
      9046.66653                    9046
      9116.66653                    9116
      9030.66653                    9030
      9030.66653                    9030
      8979.66653                    8979
 
當然也可以這樣：
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE-HIREDATE,TRUNC(SYSDATE,'DDD')-TRUNC(HIREDATE,'DDD') FROM EMP;
SYSDATE-HIREDATE TRUNC(SYSDATE,'DDD')-TRUNC(HIREDATE,'DDD')
---------------- ------------------------------------------
      3.12626157                                          3
      9316.66793                                       9316
      9314.66793                                       9314
      9275.66793                                       9275
      9096.66793                                       9096
      9246.66793                                       9246
      9207.66793                                       9207
      9046.66793                                       9046
      9116.66793                                       9116
      9030.66793                                       9030
      9030.66793                                       9030
      8979.66793                                       8979

2.返回精確的時間間隔
  比如我要得到兩個日期相隔幾天幾小時幾分幾秒，這時就不能用TRUNC來實現了，我們可以用NUMTODSINTERVAL和EXTRACT來實現：
  SQL> SELECT EXTRACT(DAY FROM  NUMTODSINTERVAL(SYSDATE-HIREDATE,'DAY')) DAY,
  2         EXTRACT(HOUR FROM NUMTODSINTERVAL(SYSDATE-HIREDATE,'DAY')) HOUR,
  3         EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM NUMTODSINTERVAL(SYSDATE-HIREDATE,'DAY')) MINUTE,
  4         NUMTODSINTERVAL(SYSDATE-HIREDATE,'DAY') DETAIL
  5  FROM EMP;
       DAY       HOUR     MINUTE DETAIL
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
         3          3           31 +000000003 03:31:54.999999999
      9316         16         31 +000009316 16:31:55.000000000
      9314         16         31 +000009314 16:31:55.000000000
      9275         16         31 +000009275 16:31:55.000000000
      9096         16         31 +000009096 16:31:55.000000000
      9246         16         31 +000009246 16:31:55.000000000
      9207         16         31 +000009207 16:31:55.000000000
      9046         16         31 +000009046 16:31:55.000000000
      9116         16         31 +000009116 16:31:55.000000000
      9030         16         31 +000009030 16:31:55.000000000
      9030         16         31 +000009030 16:31:55.000000000
      8979         16         31 +000008979 16:31:55.000000000