CentOS 6.5下PostgreSQL 9.4.3安裝與配置

CentOS 6.5下PostgreSQL 9.4.3安裝與配置

一、簡介
PostgreSQL 是一種非常複雜的對象-關係型資料庫管理系統（ORDBMS），也是目前功能最強大，特性最豐富和最複雜的自由軟體資料庫系統。有些特性甚至連商務資料庫都不具備。這個起源於伯克利（BSD）的資料庫研究計劃目前已經衍產生一項國際開發項目，並且有非常廣泛的使用者。

二、系統內容
系統平台：CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
PostgreSQL 版本：PostgreSQL 9.4.3
防火牆已關閉/iptables: Firewall is not running.
SELINUX=disabled
三、源碼安裝
1. 下載PostgreSQL 源碼包
# wget http://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.3/postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz2
2. 解壓源碼包
# tar xjf postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz2
3. 進入解壓後的目錄
# cd postgresql-9.4.3
4.安裝依賴包
yum -y install gcc*
yum -y install readline-devel
5.增加使用者佈建密碼
[root@postgresql ~]# adduser postgres
[root@postgresql ~]# passwd postgres
Changing password for user postgres.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
6.開始編譯安裝PostgreSQL 資料庫。
 [root@postgresql ~]# cd postgresql-9.4.3
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# ./configure --prefix=/home/postgres/pgsql
 
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# gmake
 
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# gmake install
 
7.設定環境變數
[root@postgresql ~]# cd /home/postgres/
[root@postgresql postgres]# ls
pgsql
[root@postgresql postgres]# vi .bash_profile
把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin
儲存退出。
讓環境變數生效：
在設定
[root@postgresql ~]# vi .bash_profile
把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin
儲存退出。
讓環境變數生效：
[root@postgresql ~]# source .bash_profile
8.初始化資料庫
8.1建立資料目錄
[root@postgresql ~]# mkdir /home/postgres/pgsql/data
8.2更改許可權
[root@postgresql ~]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/data
8.3切換到postgres使用者
[root@postgresql ~]# su - postgres
8.4 init db
[postgres@postgresql ~]$ /home/postgres/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /home/postgres/pgsql/data
到這裡資料的初始化就完成
9.系統服務
9.1回到root使用者
[postgres@postgresql ~]$ exit
9.2複製安裝目錄下的linux檔案到/etc/init.d/
進入postgresql 的安裝目錄（即剛剛使用tar命令解壓的目錄）
[root@postgresql ~]# cd postgresql-9.4.3
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# cp contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql
9.3修改/etc/init.d/postgresql  注意：紅色是修改部分
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# vi /etc/init.d/postgresql
#! /bin/sh
 
# chkconfig: 2345 98 02
# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS
 
# This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such
# as is used on Linux systems.  You should edit some of the variables
# and maybe the 'echo' commands.
#
# Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to
#  /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql
#  /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql
#  /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql
#  /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql
#  /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql
#  /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql
# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:
# chkconfig --add postgresql
#
# Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock
# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network
# settings, so you should treat this with care.
 
# Original author:  Ryan Kirkpatrick <pgsql@rkirkpat.net>
 
# contrib/start-scripts/linux
 
## EDIT FROM HERE
 
# Installation prefix
prefix=/home/postgres /pgsql
 
# Data directory
PGDATA="/home/postgres/pgsql/data"
# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres".  (NOT "root")
PGUSER=postgres
 
# Where to keep a log file
PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"
 
# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the
# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because
# of the way it accounts for shared memory).  Setting the OOM_SCORE_ADJ value
# to -1000 will disable OOM kill altogether.  If you enable this, you probably
# want to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0", so that
# individual backends can still be killed by the OOM killer.
#OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000
# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead
# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except the disable value is -17.
# For such a system, enable this and compile with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0".
#OOM_ADJ=-17
 
## STOP EDITING HERE
 
# The path that is to be used for the script
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
 
# What to use to start up the postmaster.  (If you want the script to wait
# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.
# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)
DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"
 
# What to use to shut down the postmaster
PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"
 
set -e
 
# Only start if we can find the postmaster.
test -x $DAEMON ||
{
        echo "$DAEMON not found"
        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]
        then exit 0
        else exit 5
        fi
}
 
 
# Parse command line parameters.
case $1 in
  start)
        echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "
        test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj
        test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj
        su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
        echo "ok"
        ;;
  stop)
        echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "
        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"
        echo "ok"
        ;;
  restart)
        echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "
        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"
        test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj
        test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj
        su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
        echo "ok"
        ;;
  reload)
        echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "
        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"
        echo "ok"
        ;;
status)
        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"
        ;;
  *)
        # Print help
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2
        exit 1
        ;;
esac
 
exit 0
 
9.4添加執行許可權
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postgresql
 
9.5啟動資料庫
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start
Starting PostgreSQL: ok
9.6讓資料庫開機啟動
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig --add postgresql
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig postgresql on
9.7建立資料庫操作記錄檔案
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# touch /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history
10.測試使用
[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# su - postgres
[postgres@postgresql ~]$ createdb test
[postgres@postgresql ~]$ psql test
psql (9.4.3)
Type "help" for help.
test=#
 
源碼編譯安裝成功。

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