linux安裝圖形介面包

linux安裝圖形介面包1、RHEL5配置光碟片為本地yum源

在安裝軟體的時候時常會遇到依賴性問題。我們可以通過配置yum來幫我們解決繁瑣的軟體依賴關係。

1.1 掛載光碟片

[root@xml-ora1 mnt]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/

mount: block device /dev/cdrom iswrite-protected, mounting read-only

[root@xml-ora1 mnt]# ll /mnt/cdrom/

total 3770

dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root   8192 Mar 22 2010 Cluster

dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root   8192 Mar 22 2010 ClusterStorage

-r--r--r-- 8 root root   8445 Sep 3  2008 EULA

-r--r--r-- 3 root root   8445 Mar 10 2010 eula.en_US

-r--r--r-- 8 root root  18416 Dec 1  2006 GPL

dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root   2048 Mar 22 2010 images

dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root   2048 Mar 22 2010 isolinux

1.2 修改yum源

先copy原yum源檔案備份，然後用vim編輯yum檔案並儲存：

[root@xml-ora1 cdrom]# cp/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak

[root@xml-ora1 cdrom]# vi/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo

[root@xml-ora1 cdrom]# more /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo

[Cluster]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - Cluster

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Cluster

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[ClusterStorage]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - ClusterStorage

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ClusterStorage

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[Server]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - Server

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

[VT]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever -$basearch - VT

baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/VT

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

 

設定檔社會自說明：

1)        [ ]內的是倉庫的名稱

2)        name是倉庫的描述或者說資源名稱

3)        baseurl 倉庫的位置，Yum源的目錄擷取路徑

4)        enabled 是否啟用這個倉庫，1為起用，0為禁用，本地設為1

5)        gpgcheck 是否檢查GPG簽名（用來驗證要安裝的包是不是REDHAT官方的）

 1.3 測試Yum源使用

出現如下資訊，說明配置成功：

[root@xml-ora1 etc]# yum grouplist

Setting up Group Process

Installed Groups:

  Administration Tools

  Legacy Software Development

  Legacy Software Support

  Mail Server

  Network Servers

  Server Configuration Tools

  System Tools

  Text-based Internet

   XWindow System

Available Groups:

  Authoring and Publishing

  Cluster Storage

  Clustering

  DNS Name Server

  Development Libraries

  Development Tools

  Editors

  Engineering and Scientific

  FTP Server

  GNOME Desktop Environment

  GNOME Software Development

  Games and Entertainment

  Graphical Internet

  Graphics

  Java Development

  KDE (K Desktop Environment)

  KDE Software Development

  KVM

  Legacy Network Server

  MySQL Database

  News Server

  Office/Productivity

  OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution

  PostgreSQL Database

  Printing Support

  Sound and Video

  Web Server

  Windows File Server

   XSoftware Development

  Xen

Done

2、安裝XWindow包

[root@xml-ora1 etc]#yum groupinstall "X Window System"

Transaction Summary

===============================================================================

Install    176 Package(s)

Upgrade       0 Package(s)

 

Total download size: 95 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                           511MB/s |  95 MB     00:00    

warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSAsignature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Server/gpgkey                                            |1.1 kB     00:00    

Importing GPG key 0x37017186 "Red Hat,Inc. (release key) <security@redhat.com>" from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

 Installing     : libbonobo                                             1/176

……

  xorg-x11-xkb-utils.x86_640:1.0.2-2.1                                        

 xsri.x86_64 1:2.1.0-10.fc6                                                   

 xulrunner.x86_64 0:1.9.0.18-1.el5_4                                          

 yelp.x86_64 0:2.16.0-22.el5                                                   

Complete!

此時說明成功安裝圖形介面包，再次用yum安裝的時候，會出現已經安裝的包，如果手動安裝則按照下面的包進行安裝，不過很多依賴包的安裝比較麻煩。

 

[root@xml-ora1 etc]# yum groupinstall "X WindowSystem"

Setting up Group Process

Package xorg-x11-fonts-misc-7.1-2.1.el5.noarchalready installed and latest version

Packagexorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.1.1-48.76.el5.x86_64 already installed and latestversion

Packagexorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-1-75dpi-7.1-2.1.el5.noarch already installed and latestversion

Package xorg-x11-fonts-100dpi-7.1-2.1.el5.noarchalready installed and latest version

Packagexorg-x11-fonts-75dpi-7.1-2.1.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package 1:xorg-x11-xauth-1.0.1-2.1.x86_64already installed and latest version

Package desktop-backgrounds-basic-2.0-37.noarchalready installed and latest version

Packagexorg-x11-fonts-ISO8859-1-100dpi-7.1-2.1.el5.noarch already installed and latestversion

Package xorg-x11-xinit-1.0.2-15.el5.x86_64already installed and latest version

Package xorg-x11-fonts-truetype-7.1-2.1.el5.noarchalready installed and latest version

Package 1:xorg-x11-xfs-1.0.2-4.x86_64already installed and latest version

Packagexorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.1-2.1.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package bitmap-fonts-0.3-5.1.1.noarchalready installed and latest version

Package xorg-x11-drivers-7.1-4.2.el5.x86_64already installed and latest version

Package 1:xorg-x11-twm-1.0.1-3.1.x86_64already installed and latest version

Package xorg-x11-apps-7.1-4.0.1.el5.x86_64already installed and latest version

Package pirut-1.3.28-17.el5.noarch alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package openssh-askpass-4.3p2-41.el5.x86_64already installed and latest version

Packagerhn-setup-gnome-0.4.20-33.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package liberation-fonts-1.0-1.el5.noarchalready installed and latest version

Package firstboot-1.4.27.8-1.el5.x86_64already installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-display-1.0.48-2.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package freeglut-2.4.0-7.1.el5.x86_64already installed and latest version

Package freeglut-2.4.0-7.1.el5.i386 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package 1:gdm-2.16.0-56.el5.x86_64 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package policycoreutils-gui-1.33.12-14.8.el5.x86_64already installed and latest version

Package rhgb-0.16.4-8.el5.x86_64 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package synaptics-0.14.4-8.fc6.x86_64already installed and latest version

Package krb5-auth-dialog-0.7-1.x86_64already installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-soundcard-2.0.6-1.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package xterm-215-8.el5_4.1.x86_64 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package dejavu-lgc-fonts-2.10-1.noarchalready installed and latest version

Package linuxwacom-0.7.8.3-8.el5.x86_64already installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-services-0.9.4-5.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package vnc-server-4.1.2-14.el5_3.1.x86_64already installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-date-1.8.12-4.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

Package glx-utils-6.5.1-7.8.el5.x86_64already installed and latest version

Package wdaemon-0.14-5.x86_64 alreadyinstalled and latest version

Package authconfig-gtk-5.3.21-6.el5.x86_64already installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-printer-0.7.32.10-1.el5.x86_64 already installed and latestversion

Packagesystem-config-network-1.3.99.18-1.el5.noarch already installed and latestversion

Package bitstream-vera-fonts-1.10-7.noarchalready installed and latest version

Packagesystem-config-users-1.2.51-4.el5.noarch already installed and latest version

No packages in any requested groupavailable to install or update

 

3、啟動XWindow

此時如果啟動圖形介面的話，看到的圖形介面是linux原始的圖形介面，如下：

         如果想出現案頭的話，還需要安裝Desktop組件，用yum grouplist查看下組件列表：

GNOME Desktop Environment和KDE (KDesktop Environment)並未安裝。

4、安裝GNOME圖形案頭

[root@xml-ora1 etc]# yum groupinstall "GNOMEDesktop Environment"

zenity                        x86_64   2.16.0-2.el5             Server   1.2 M

Transaction Summary

===============================================================================

Install    145 Package(s)

Upgrade       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 124 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                           1.4GB/s | 124 MB     00:00  

…… 

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

 xorg-x11-server-Xnest.x86_64 0:1.1.1-48.76.el5                               

 zenity.x86_64 0:2.16.0-2.el5                                                  

Complete!

5、啟動GNOME圖形案頭

[root@xml-ora1 etc]# startx

出現正常安裝的linux圖形介面則說明安裝成功。

6、圖形案頭常用命令6.1、已安裝組件和未安裝組件查看

[root@xml-ora1 etc]#yum grouplist

6.2 安裝xwindow包

如果系統安裝之初採用迷你安裝，沒有安裝xwindow，那麼先安裝

[root@xml-ora1 etc]# yum groupinstall "X WindowSystem"

6.3 安裝卸載GNOME案頭環境

安裝GNOME案頭環境

[root@xml-ora1 etc]#yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop Environment"

 

卸載GNOME案頭環境

[root@xml-ora1 etc]#yum groupremove "GNOME DesktopEnvironment"

6.4 安裝卸載GNOME案頭環境

安裝KDE案頭環境

[root@xml-ora1 etc]#yum groupinstall "KDE (K DesktopEnvironment)"

 

卸載KDE案頭環境

[root@xml-ora1 etc]#yum groupremove "KDE (K DesktopEnvironment)"

6.5 預設案頭設定和切換

預設啟動案頭選擇設定：

方法1： 修改/etc/sysconfig/desktop，根據需要將“DESKTOP”後面的內容改為KDE或GNOME。

方法2：在目前使用者目錄下建立“.xinitrc”這個檔案（注意檔案名稱前有一個點號，代表建立的是一個隱藏檔案），檔案的內容就一行startkde或gnome-session，根據自己的需要選擇KDE或GNOME。

 

GNOME和KDE的切換（“#”後面為輸入命令）

1、如果需要切換到GNOME：

[root@xml-ora1 etc]#switchdesk gnome

2、如果需要切換到KDE：

[root@xml-ora1 etc]#switchdesk kde

6.6 退出圖形介面

可以直接按 ctrl + alt + F1或者 ctal + alt + F2 等切換到文本控制台。或者圖形介面菜單裡面有選項的，選擇退出或者關機的時候有選擇退出到文本介面。